GCD 3022 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Review of Mendel s Laws a Law of Segregation b Law of Independent Assortment II Dihybrid Test Cross III Pedigree Analysis a Explanation IV Probability a Explanation b General Equation c Random Sampling Error d Product Rule i Example e Binomial Expansion Equation i Example V Chi Square Test a Goodness of Fit b Null Hypothesis c Equation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Outline of Current Lecture I Vocabulary II Eukaryotic Chromosome Inheritance III Mitosis and Cytokinesis IV Meiosis a Process of meiosis b Spermatogenesis c Oogenesis Current Lecture I II III IV Vocabulary a Eukaryotes organisms that have a nucleus containing DNA b Prokaryotes organisms with no nucleus just a bundle of genetic information c Chromosome 2 columns of tightly coiled DNA that forms an X shape because the two homologs are held together by a centromere d Homologs members of a pair of chromosomes form a homologous pair i Nearly identical in size ii Have the same banding pattern and centromere location iii Have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles e Mitosis the process of cellular replication in somatic non gamete cells f Cytokinesis process of dividing the cytoplasm of one cell into two cells at the end of mitosis or meiosis g Meiosis the formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells h Haploid containing half the genetic material of a diploid cell i Gamete egg and sperm j Spermatogenesis formation of sperm k Oogenesis formation of eggs Eukaryotic Chromosome Inheritance a Eukaryotic chromosomes are inherited in sets b The chromosomes move from somatic cell to somatic cell diploid Mitosis and Cytokinesis a The product of mitosis cytokinesis results in two daughter cells b The daughter cells are genetically identical to each other c Mitosis ensures genetic consistency from one cell to the next Meiosis a The primary mode of reproduction in eukaryotes b Parents diploid make gametes with half the amount of genetic material haploid c The gametes fuse with each other during fertilization to create a new diploid individual d Spermatogenesis meiosis I produces two primary spermatocytes meiosis II yields four haploid spermatocytes and each spermatid matures into a haploid sperm cell Symmetrical process producing 4 identical mature sperm e Oogenesis similar to spermatogenesis undergoing meiosis I and II but producing one egg and two polar bodies waste products
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