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U of M GCD 3022 - Ch. 1: An Overview of Genetics
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GCD 3022 Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Overview of Geneticsa. Molecular Expressionb. The study of geneticsII. Overview of DNAa. Basics of DNA and RNAb. Transcription and Translationc. DNA TechnologiesIII. Gene InsertionIV. Traits a. Environmental Influence on Trait Expressionb. Trait expression at different biological levels Current LectureI. Molecular Expressiona. Genetics (the study of genes): defined as the study of heredity and variationb. Genei. “unit” of heredityii. Modern definition: segment of DNA that produces a functional product, ex: polypeptide or RNAiii. Provides the “blueprint” that determines the traits of an organismc. Trait: characteristics of an organism, ex: eye colorII. Overview of DNAa. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)i. Genetic material in all living organismsii. Encodes information required to synthesize cellular proteins and RNA (ribonucleic acid)b. Proteome: all of the proteins a cell makes in a given amount of timec. Transcriptome: all of the RNA a cell makes in a given amount of timed. Transcription and Translationi. Transcription: genetic info. in DNA that is copied into an RNA (some coding and some non-coding)ii. Translation: nucleotide sequence in RNA provides info. via the genetic code to create amino acid sequences which turn into a proteine. DNA Technologiesi. There have been many important advances in the field of geneticsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Structure of DNA and RNA2. Mechanisms of DNA replication and repair3. Total genome sequencing4. Techniques to manipulate DNAii. Advances in Genetics are critical to many industries such as medicine, food production, animal breeding, etc. iii. Some advances in genetics are controversial because they involve the manipulation of plant, animal, and human genomes (ex: Dolly the cloned sheep)III. Gene Insertiona. Prevalent example of genome manipulation is the insertion of a gene into another living organismi. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)1. Originally from the Aequorea victoria jellyfish2. Causes fluorescent green glow under UV light3. Has been introduced into many different organisms, including bugs, rabbits, worms, and mice4. Used to map or track inheritance patterns through generationsii. There are variations on the GFP in many colors b. GFP can also exhibit cell-type specific expression when inserted into a specific part of the genome (ex: only turning a mouse’s ears, nose, and paws fluorescent green)IV. Traits of an Organisma. Traitsi. Largely controlled by genes, ex: eye color is geneticii. Can be influenced by the environment, ex: winter and summer coloration in mammalsb. Levels of Trait Organizationi. Molecular: expression of genesii. Cellular: function of proteins and RNAiii. Organism: physical appearance of traitsiv. Population: traits observed within a species or


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U of M GCD 3022 - Ch. 1: An Overview of Genetics

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