10/10/13Kin: Living with Kinship, Marriage, and the Family (Chapter 6)1. How Cultures Create Kinshipa. Kinship performs the continuity of the group by arranging marriages, maintaining social order, and regulating production, consumption, and distributioni. to Westerners, kin means “blood relations”ii. Kinship Diagram- schematic way of presenting the kinship relationships (ego)ofan individualiii. Genealogy- schematic way of presenting a family treeiv. terminology examples: aunt or uncleb. Descent - tracing of kinship relationships through parentagei. Bilineal descent: a child is recognized as being related by descent to both par-ents1. Patrilocality vs. Matrilocality (nearby residence)ii. Unilineal Descent(most common): descent through one parent1. Patrilineal Descent(more common) vs. Matrilineal Descentc. Sharingi. informal or ritual relationships (brotherhood or god-parenthood)ii. Breastfeeding= incestiii. Adoption (open and closed) - child transferiv. Fostering - to better the child’s lifed. Marriagei. a child’s legitimacy is in debate1. said to be legitimate if it is born by a married couple of opposite sex, but notif born from a non-married couple or from gay couplesii. Acceptable definition of Marriage1. more or less stable union between two people, without the need of sexual intercourseiii. Exclusion1. incest taboo: prohibits marriage/sex between certain kinship relationsa. beneficial if it helps people to create social organization beyond familyiv. Inclusion1. Endogamy: marriage within a particular groupa. Parallel Cousins: link between child of a mother with the child of the sis-ter’s motherb. Cross Cousins: link between child of one’s mother and child of the mother’s brother (Hindus)10/10/132. Exogamy: marriage outside a defined social groupv. Hypergyny vs Hypogyny1. hyper is more common in the US (marrying up from women’s view)a. woman @ lower status and younger2. hypo (marrying down from the women’s view)vi.Monogamy vs. Polygamy1. number of spouses a person can have2. Households and Domestic Lifea. Family: a group of people who are related through kinshipb. Household: # of people living in a housei. Nuclear Household vs Extended Household (found most in unilineal kinships)c. Spouse-Partner Relationsi. more sex = happier life = youngerii. less sex = less happy = olderd. Sibling Relationsi. male dominance over the sister consisting of violence if that meant controle. Homelessnessi. due to poverty, illness, warfare, natural disasters, disabilities...3. Changing Kinship and Household Dynamicsa. Change in Descenti. Dutch colonialism promoted male-headed nuclear families as idealii. Islamic teachings idealized women as wives and men as household headsiii. The modernizing Indonesian state has a policy of naming males as household headsiv. kinship disappears as fertility rates and household size dropsb. Change in Marriagei. increase of older ages before marrying to insure economic stability and educa-tionii. increase of inter-racial or inter-cultural marriagesiii. increase in marriage crises -->not enough money for brideprices from the men1. caused by high unemployment rateiv. western style of “white-wedding” marriage has spread internationallyc. Changing Householdsi. caused by globalizationii. nuclear households should rise = rise in industrialismiii. caused by international migrationiv. shape of households changing10/10/131. houses of first-married couples2. single-parent houses3. multigenerational household (adult child or “boomerang