I. Introduction: Ethnicity and Racea. How significant are the concepts of race and ethnicity? b. Race: a category of people who share similar observed physical characteristics; skin color being the most common distinction.c. Ethnic group: those who share similar cultural characteristics; e.g. common religion, national origin, language, etc. i. Situational ethnicityii. Symbolic ethnicity d. Racialization: The process by which understandings of race are used to classify individuals or groups of people.II. Racial Categoriesa. Six official U.S. categories:i. Black or African Americanii. Whiteiii. American Indian or Alaskan Nativeiv. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanderv. Asianvi. Otherb. Shortcomings of racial categoriesi. Social Darwinism.III. Racism and Antiracisma. The Rise of racism i. Racism is the belief in the innate superiority of one or more races.b. Apartheid IV. Prejudice and Discriminationa. Prejudice is an unfavorable feeling toward another group; a belief, an attitude.i. Prejudice tends to be irrational and inflexible.b. Discrimination refers to the differential treatment of people; an act.i. Institutionalized discrimination: routine and regular patterns of discrimination by large institutionsii. Reverse discrimination is the preferential treatment of a formerly discriminated minority.c. Stereotype: a set of exaggerated and inaccurate generalizations about a group or category of people that is either favorable or unfavorable (Theodorsen & Theodorsen).d. Displacemente. Scapegoatf. A Minority group is one that is:i. physically, culturally, or behaviorally different from the majority,ii. has less power, andiii. usually fewer in number.V. Ethnic Relationsa. Ethnic Antagonismsb. Ethnic conflictsi. Genocideii. Ethnic cleansingiii. SegregationVI. Conflict and Economic PowerVII. Models of Ethnic Integrationa. Assimilationb. Melting Potc. Pluralismd. Multiculturalism VIII. Global Migrationa. Migratory Movementsi. Immigrationii. Emigrationiii. Accelerationiv. Diversificationv. Globalizationvi. Feminizationb. Global DiasporasIX. Race and Ethnic Relations in the United Statesa. Early Colonizationb. Immigration to the U.S.i. The US classifies its population as being either native or foreign born.ii. Native1. Born on US soil2. Born abroad with at least one parent being an American citizeniii. Foreign1. 28.4 million in the 2000 census2. 10.4% of the US population3. 12% - 20034. 2008 – 12.5%5. 2010http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41592.pdf c. Long-standing immigration debatei. Role of race and ethnicity in immigration policy1. Chinese Exclusion Act of 18822. Immigration Act of 19243. Bracero program of 19424. Congress eliminated the national origin system in 1965 5. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986d. African Americansi. Internal migrationii. The Civil Rights Movemente. Latinosf. Asian AmericansX. Racial and Ethnic Inequalitya. Educationb. Employment and Incomec. Healthd. Residential segregatione. Political powerXI. Gender and RaceXII. Divergent Fortunesa. Within the African American Communityb. Asiansc. LatinosXIII. Understanding Racial Inequalitya. William J. Wilsonb. Shelby Steele on guilt vs.