SOC 100 - Chapter 2: Theory and Methods 1Lecture OutlineI. Introduction: Research MethodsII. Sociology as Sciencei. objective observation and testingii. empiricismiii. positivismiv. Basic assumptions of science:1. Determinism2. Under identical circumstances, the same cause will repeatedly produce the same effect.III. Stages of Research/The scientific method:a. Define the problem/choose a research questionb. Review the literaturec. Formulate a hypothesis & define core conceptsi. Hypothesisii. Variableiii. Operational definition: d. Select a research designe. Collect the dataf. Analyze the datag. Interpret the resultsIV. Understanding Cause and Effecta. Causation vs. Correlationb. Variablei. Independent variableii. Dependent variableiii. Control variablesV. Research Designs/Methodsa. Ethnographyb. Surveys:i. Selecting a sampleii. Random sampleiii. Population:iv. Representative sample: v. Validity and reliabilityc. The Experimenti. Laboratory experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYIh4MkcfJASOC 100 - Chapter 2: Theory and Methods 2Lecture Outlineii. Field experimentiii. Experimental and control groupsd. Life Historiese. Unobtrusive Measuresf. Participant Observation and the Hawthorne Effectg. Comparative vs. Historical ResearchVI. Statistical Termsa. Measures of central tendencyb. Correlation coefficientsc. Meand. Modee. Medianf. Standard deviationg. Degree of dispersal VII. Research Problemsa. Triangulationb. Research Ethics and ValuesV.
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