I. Introduction: Socializationa. Socialization: ...a process by which people develop their capacities and acquire a unique personality and identity and by which culture is passed from generation to generation.-creates human beings and perpetuates that society/cultureb. Internalization: the process by which we take cultural elements as our ownand make them binding.II. Nature and Nurture - -Socialization is a product of the interaction of the two.a. Nature: genetic make-up and biological inheritanceb. Nurture: the environment and experiences that make-up each lifeIII. The Importance of Social Contact- socialization is mandatory to become a fully functioning human beinga. Cases of Extreme Isolationi. Kingsley Davis studies (1940, 1947)http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/macionis9/medialib/intros/chapter03/0303.html -Anna: discovered at 6 with no human contact; couldn’t walk/talk andnever became socialized -Isabel: discovered and had some contact with a deaf caretaker; became socialized successfullyb. Children of the Holocausti. Anna Freud and Sophie Dann (1958) studied 6 children whose parents died in Nazi gas chambers.-if a human does not get proper socialization, human contact, healthy relationships, it is impossible to socialize themc. Less Extreme Cases of IsolationIV. Theories of Child Developmenta. G. H. Mead & the Emergence of Self-Awareness i. reflexive thinking: the human physiological capacity to step outsideof the self and observe it from another viewpoint; the way you would view any other objectii. Self-awareness is made possible by reflexive thinkingiii. “I” and “me”iv. significant symbol: a word, gesture, or other learned sign used to convey a meaning from one person to anotherv. Role taking: the ability to see ourselves as others see us. 1. Per Mead, socialization takes place in a series of stages:a. Preparatory/Imitation: Before age three, children merely mimic some behaviors of those in their immediate environment with no understanding of its meaning.b. Play: (2-4) They begin to practice meaningful adult behavior by pretending to take the role of specific or “particular other” people.c. Game: By the early school years a child begins to understand her role and its relationship to others. d. “Particular other”e. “Generalized other:” a system of expected behaviors,meanings, and viewpoints that transcend those of the people participatingb. Piaget on Cognitive Development i. Sensorimotor stageii. Preoperational stageiii. Concrete operational stageiv. Formal operational stageV. Agents of Socializationa. Familyb. Schoolc. Peer groupd. Mediae. WorkVI. IdentityVII. Gender SocializationVIII. Socialization through the Life Coursea. Childhoodb. Adolescencec. Young Adulthoodd. Mature Adulthoode. Old AgeIX. Summary and