Cities of Southeast AsiaMajor CitiesKey Urban FactsKey ThemesSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Principal Urban FormsEvolution of CitiesSlide 10Slide 11Urban Expansion 1900-2005Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs)Components of UrbanizationProblemsRepresentative CitiesBangkokSlide 18Kuala LumpurSlide 20SingaporeSlide 22JakartaSlide 24ManilaSlide 26Socialist CitiesSlide 28FutureCities of Southeast AsiaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies Sarawakian women on the island of Borneo.Major CitiesKey Urban FactsTotal Population 590 millionPercent Urban Population 41.9% Total Urban Population 247 millionMost Urbanized Country Singapore (100%)Least Urbanized Country Cambodia (20.1%) # of Cities over 1 Million 18# of Megacities 2 Three Largest Cities Jakarta, Manila, BangkokWorld Cities SingaporeKey ThemesUrban landscape shaped by ethnicity, especially:Chinese, Indian, MalayImpact of colonialismSome of world’s largest cargo portsNotably SingaporeTransnational citiesTrade across national boundariesInfluence economy of neighboring countriesSingapore Harborwww.cnn.com/200 2/WORLD/a siapcf/ southea st/09/20/sing .ports/Key ThemesVast coastlines and river valleysAmphibious nature of lifeImportance of sea tradeFacilitated migrationThe Mekong at Can Tho, Vietnam.The floating market of Damnern Saduak near Bangkok, Thailand,Key ThemesAll of the major religionsare representedSINGAPORE : Sultan Mosque in Arab Street.http://www.islamicvoice.com/april.99/images/04mosque.jpgGolden stupas (shrines) of Swedagon pagoda, Yangon, MyanmarThe cultural arts of Bali’s Hindu peopleIndian temple in SingaporeKey ThemesRisk of Natural DisastersEarthquakes, volcanoes, & tsunamisMonsoons and cyclonesMt. Merapi in central Java, Feb. 19 2001Banda Aceh, Indonesia and impact of the tsunamiPrincipal Urban FormsSacred cityMarket CityAngkor Wat, 12th Century capital and sacred cityMalacca one of the oldest market citiesEvolution of CitiesImportance of long coastlines on tradeNatural cross-roadsIndia and China trade lead to market cities along Malay coast“strait cities” SE Asia relatively urbanized before Europeans arrivedPre-colonial states of SE AsiaPre-colonial patterns of urbanizationEvolution of CitiesPortuguese captured Malacca, 1511500 years of colonialism, esp.Jakarta under DutchManila under SpanishSingapore under BritishSaigon under FrenchThailand (Siam) the exceptionColonial UrbanizationColonial realms and independent countries, 1900Source: Hobbs, Fundamentals of World Regional Geography, Brooks/Cole 2010Evolution of CitiesRapid urbanization and transformationPrimate cities dominate the regionAdoption of Communist systems, esp.Vietnam, Cambodia•Urban genocide (“Killing Fields” of Cambodia)Globalization and growth of cybercitiesForeign investment plays critical roleEspecially foreign direct investmentLand reclamation in port areas (urban expansion)Contemporary Urban TrendsUrban Expansion 1900-2005Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs)Cities transforming rapidly into EMRsDistinctive Asian formHigh densities in the core and in the rural peripheryThree forms of EMRHigh density EMRs – e.g. Jakarta, Manila, BangkokLow density EMRs by developing satellite cities – e.g. Kuala LumpurExpanding city states – e.g. SingaporeThey result in a loss of agricultural landComponents of UrbanizationAreas formally classified as rural may be reclassified as urbanUrban areas may grow in population through natural increaseNet redistribution from rural to urbanInternational migrationOverseas migrants tend to move to citiesSingaporewww.priorities .org/ greatciti es.h tmProblemsInadequate urban:HousingEmploymentTransportationSewers and waterRural to urban migrationSquatter settlementsPovertyEvictionDemolitionManila Shanty Townhttp://www.a-o-buero.de/bilder/manila.jpgRepresentative CitiesBangkok, ThailandKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSingaporeJakarta, IndonesiaManila, PhilippinesSocialist CitiesBangkokOfficial name is Krung ThrepMeans “City of Angels”Multinucleated cityLike Jakarta and ManilaTextbook urban primacy34 times larger 2nd largest city in Thailand Strong foreign investmentU.S. military supply basesBangkokSource: http://www.ppc.chula.ac.th/picon/bangkok.jpgBangkokHaphazard urban growthMix of old and newSerious environmental problemsSex trade a social challengeCity slowly sinkingBangkok’s Red Light DistrictBangkok’s traditional Buddhist temple with modern skylineBangkok’s traffic jams worst in worldKuala LumpurCapital of MalaysiaRelatively youngFounded in 1857Economy was tin & rubberOvershadowed by strait cities until independenceKuala LumpurSource: http://www.unim.nottingham.ac.uk/business/images/kl_bbc3.jpgKuala LumpurTwin Towers and CyberspaceOther satellite cities arebeing built around the cityThe Parliament Building and National Mosque in Putrajaya, Malaysia’s brand new, controversial administrative capital.Petronas Towers, opened 1999SingaporeSuperb locationBoth a city and a sovereign state1/5 size of Rhode IslandWorld cityWorld’s largest port Rich ethnic heritage, esp. ChineseChinatown in SingaporeSingapore HarborSingaporeModel of efficiencyTransportationCleanliness and orderliness2nd only to Japan in per capita income in AsiaMajor problem 1– lack of potable waterMajor problem 2 – Lack of landSingapore’s Modern SkylineSingapore’s Orderly DevelopmentJakartaMegacity of IndonesiaCenter of “Jabotabek” megalopolisLargest in SE Asia inLand areaPopulationVital role in international and domestic tradeJakartaTraffic in JakartaSource: http://geography.uoregon.edu/cohen/jakarta.jpgSprawling city a mix of the old and the newMajor industrial center now moving to services (financial, communications)All urban woes of primate cityOld (mosque) and new (rapid transit)ManilaCapital of PhilippinesPrimate city Strong foreign direct investmentManilaSerious pollutionAirWaterSquatter settlements30% in povertyTraffic nightmareA “jeepney” in ManilaShantytown within sight of modern ManilaSocialist CitiesPhnom Penh, Cambodiahttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/photos/cambodia/Phnom%20Penh.jpgCambodia,Phnom PenhVietnamHanoiHo Chi Minh CityViet
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