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Wright URS 2000 - Chapter 5 Cities of Europe

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Cities of Europe Growth and Change in Urban Societies Munich Germany http www photo net photo pcd0796 downt own munich 39 3 jpg Cities of Europe Demographics Total Population Percent Urban Population Total Urban Population Most Urbanized Country Least Urbanized Country of Cities over 1 Million of Megacities Three Largest Cities World Cities Global Cities 592 Million 72 8 430 Million Belgium 97 4 Bosnia Herz 48 6 41 1 London Paris Madrid 12 see text London Europe Facts Some cities are over 3 000 years old Impact of empires invasions Impact of economic systems Feudalism Mercantilism Capitalism Socialism Communism European grid pattern Spread all over the globe Verona Italy http www citalia co uk City Intro Verona htm Europe Facts Compared to USA More bustling downtowns Higher population density Older more complex land use patterns Great architecture tourism Contrast between East and West Cities are growing slowly compared to other regions Paris skyline Downtown Dublin European History Classical Period 800 BC 450 AD Medieval Period 450 1450 AD Renaissance Period 1450 1760 AD Industrial Period 1760 1945 AD Contemporary Period 1945 present Classical Period 800BC 450AD Greek city states are located near coastline and easily defensible hill sites Ancient Greek cities had grid pattern Acropolis agora stoa theatre Plaka The Parthenon The Agora stoas Athens 435 BC Source Cities then and Now 1999 The Acropolis Athens Classical Period Cont Greek cities colonies spread throughout Mediterranean Athens largest with 150 000 pop Most Greek cities much smaller Role of direct democracy Greek cities and colonies and Phoenician colonies http en wikipedia org wiki Colonies in antiquity Classical Period Cont Roman cities displaced Greek Romans adopted much from Greeks Grid pattern N S Pantheon of the Gods But not direct democracy Roman military encampments became foci of cities Roman Cities in Europe http www clarku edu rross citiesandsuburbs Classical Period Cont Great feats of Roman engineering Roman roads Aqueducts and viaducts The arch and the dome Roman baths Ampitheaters The Colosseum http en wikipedia org wiki Colosseum Roman Bath in Bath England Street in Pompeii http en wikipedia org wiki Roman roads Roman Aqueduct in Segovia Spain http www bluffton edu sullivanm spain segovia aqueduct aqueduct html Medieval Period 450 1450 Early Middle Ages Collapse 450 1 000 AD of Roman Empire Invasions by barbarians Dark Ages begin Decline in urban centers Urban places that survived Religious Trade Defensive centers Most 2 000 cities had population under Portrayal of Genoa woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle Medieval Period Cont High Middle Ages 1 000 1 450 AD Rise of Feudalism Manorialism Cities grew along trade routes Medieval city elements Open square Cathedral town hall and guild halls around Narrow unplanned streets Walls with moats and gates The Piazza del Campo Siena in Italy www a castle for rent com castles abbeys htm Medieval church tower in central Prague Medieval Period Cont Market towns To serve rural population Central location Often at cross roads or river ford Wide main street or central square To set up stalls Market cross God s blessing on the trade Market fairs Northallerton Yorkshire market square cross Medieval Period Cont Medieval Plagues Justinian Plague 541 542 Black Death 1347 1351 Killed around 1 3 of Europe Growth after Black Death Fewer stronger less competition different view of life and death Push for greater liberty Improvements in education and literacy Black Death Plague victims blessed by priest The Renaissance Period 1450 1760 Feudalism gave way to merchant capitalism Nation States national capitals Voyages of discovery Great accumulation of wealth for nobility Sch nbrunn Palace Vienna The Renaissance Period Cont New forms of art architecture and urban planning Growth of philosophy Advent of gunpowder Walls became obsolete Cities began to grow in size Role of the Hanseatic League The luxury royal castle was built on the top of Gallo Roman and medieval fortresses in the early Renaissance period Hanseatic League cities The Industrial Period 1760 1945 Large scale manufacturing in England Mines factories mills Massive immigration of workers Spread to rest of Europe Rail began to play role 30 of population now live in cities of over 10 000 An artist s view of Industrial England Source www pinkmonkey com James Watt s Steam Engine The Industrial Period Cont Core Periphery Model of European Industrialization The Industrial Period Cont Hierarchy of cities Some primate cities e g Paris London Budapest Vienna New Town Planning Budapest Source http www mba fsi com images budapest jpg Ebenezer Howard s Garden City of Tomorrow The Industrial Period Cont Transportation changes CBD Development Trolleys and trams Subways and commuter rail Low automobile ownership Lack of skyscrapers By end of period the modern urban system was in place Contemporary Europe Separate urban systems developed on either side of Iron Curtain Creation of the European Union Huge migration of foreign labor EU Parliament Strasbourg Flow of immigrants to Europe The Brandenburg Gate in 1989 and 1991 before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall Contemporary Europe Cities benefit from membership in European Union Linked by road rail air Headquarters of international agencies OPEC Headquarters in Vienna UN in Geneva OPEC in Vienna NATO FIFA in Brussels EU in Brussels Frankfurt and Strasburg EU Central Bank Frankfurt Conurbation Rhine Ruhr Eastern Europe Soviet style Socialist Cities Underdeveloped urban system Political showplaces especially huge squares in the heart of cities Soviet style House of Science Bucharest Romania Bucharest Romania Skenderberg Square in Tirana Albania Eastern Europe Since 1989 more linkage between Eastern and Western Europe Increasing trade e g Berlin Prague and Vienna Other post socialist changes Several Joined the EU Capitals and Countries Sofia Bulgaria Prague Czech Republic Bucharest Romania Budapest Hungary Zagreb Croatia Warsaw Poland Belgrade Serbia Eastern Europe Urban destruction in former Yugoslavia Significant industrial transportation communication religious structures housing and infrastructure destroyed especially in Bosnia Serbia Kosovo Buildings in Sarajevo Bosnia Herzegovina damaged by Serbs Representative Cities London United Kingdom Paris France Barcelona Spain London 8 5 million in Greater London Role of site and situation River Thames London Basin Roman city Londinium


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