Cities of South AmericaDemographicsTrends and IssuesSlide 4Cultural-Ecological RegionsAndean AmericaSlide 7Slide 8PowerPoint PresentationSlide 10Portuguese America (Brazil)Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Rio de JaneiroSlide 18Slide 19BrasiliaLimaSlide 22Buenos AiresCities of South AmericaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies Buenos AiresSource: http://www.viajesolin.com.mx/buenos%20aires.jpgDemographicsTotal Population 382 MillionPercent Urban Population 84% Total Urban Population 329 MillionMost Urbanized Country Venezuela (93.4%)Least Urbanized Country Paraguay (61.5%) # of Cities over 1 Million 38Number of Megacities 3Three Largest Cities Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires,Rio de Janeiro World Cities Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de JaneiroTrends and IssuesThe region transformed from rural to urban society only in the later half of the 20th centuryThe region is poised on the global peripheryGeographically remote from the major centers of tradeStruggling to achieve economic developmentBrazil’s economy now growing Classed as “A Newly Industrializing Economy” (NIE)Sao Paulo, Brazil’s industrial giant!Trends and IssuesNational capitals were typically primate cities, but now several exceptions are emerging:Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia & VenezuelaRapid growth of cities results in:Huge squatter settlementsEnvironmental degradationExtreme disparities in wealth Challenge of high crime ratesSocial movements aim to improve:HousingHealth careUrban amenitieshttp://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/400000/images/_403181_poor150.jpgCultural-Ecological RegionsAndean AmericaColombiaVenezuelaEcuadorPeruBoliviaSouthern ConeArgentinaChileUruguayParaguayPortuguese AmericaBrazilAndean AmericaPre-Columbian urban civilizationInca Empire: Cusco, Machu PicchuCity builders pre-occupied with water, fertility & the supernaturalAdministrative & ceremonial centersMachu Picchu, Royal EstateInca wall, built without mortarAndean AmericaSpanish Conquest & ColonizationFrancisco Pizarro•Defeated Atahualpa and Incas in 1533Spanish cities on or near Pre-Colombian citiesLaw of the IndiesViceroyalty of PeruLima its capital Plaza and San Antonio Cathedral, Quito, Ecuador.Peruvian plaza (Spanish & indigenous architecture) Source:http://www.latinamericanescapes.com/images/peru-profile2a.Andean AmericaToday greater indigenous & mestizo presenceCities divided by ethnicityCaracas, Venezuelahttp://www.abc.net.au/international/features/racki_peru/man%20&%20bike%202.jpgStreet scene in La Paz, BoliviaSouthern ConeNo Pre-Columbian citiesSmall indigenous populationLittle interest to SpanishHeavily European in ethnic compositionExcept Paraguay•Strong indigenous presenceGauchos on the Pampa of ArgentinaSouthern ConeEconomic stagnation and restive middle classBuenos Aires, Argentina Financial DistrictSantiago, ChilePortuguese America (Brazil)Portuguese Conquest & ColonizationLack of wealthPortuguese heritage and languageCoastal cities Impact of the Treaty of TordesillasPlantation System•African Slave TradePortuguese America (Brazil)Modern BrazilIncome disparityBrasilia as a growth pole Today, Brazil’s economic expansion is strongBrazil’s major urban concentrations at nightFavelas facing luxury apartments, Rio de JaneiroSão PauloRio de JaneiroSalvadorRecifeFortalezaBrasíliaGoiâniaUberlândiaBelo HorizonteFlorianópolisMetro Areas in South AmericaModel Of TheSouth America CitySustainable Urban DevelopmentBogota, Colombia, exclusive bicycle laneCuritiba, Brazil, transit systemRepresentative Cities•Rio de Janeiro•Brasilia•Lima•Buenos AiresRio de JaneiroMegacityBrazil’s major portFormer capital of Brazil Until 1960Great natural harborBaia da GuanabaraRio de JaneiroSugarloaf Mountain Playground and tropical paradise (72 beaches) Laid back “cariocas”Christ the Redeemer overlooking Guanabara Bayhttp://www.kasbah.com/images/guidesIpanema Beach and “Two Brothers”Rio de JaneiroEnvironmental problemsTorrential summer stormsUnstable structures collapseEconomic (and racial)disparitiesWealthy fashionable districts opposite “favelas” FavelaBrasiliaCapital in 1960Built on the Pilot PlanPlaza of three powersPop. 4-5 millionSatellite centersGrowth Pole DevelopmentLimaBuilt on indigenous settlement at foothills of AndesInitially center of Viceroyalty of PeruBuilt before “Law of Indies,” but contains:Grid pattern, central plaza etc.LimaCapital of Peru7-8 million population 40 percent of Peru’s urban population lives in Lima (25% of total population)Shanty towns in desert regionsLima, Peru central citySource: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LimaBuenos AiresCapital of ArgentinaOne of world’s great megacitiesMajor port and primate cityHistoric rise as agric/industrial center, late 19th centuryGolden Age (1880 – 1940)“Paris of South America”Outpost of European urban design and popular fashionSophisticated city with broad boulevards and graceful public squares Buenos AiresSource:
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