ASTR 1345 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. MercuryA. Caloris BasinII. VenusIII. MarsOutline of Current Lecture I. Mars’ Moons II. Voyager MissionsIII. Galileo MissionIV. Cassini MissionV. JupiterA. Jupiter’s InteriorB. Jupiter’s AtmosphereC. Jupiter’s AuroraCurrent Lecturel.Mars has 2 small moons named Phobos and Deimos discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall. Phobos ispotato shaped and its period of 5 ½ hours means it orbits faster than Mars rotates, so it moves west to east across the sky. It is now believed that this moon is more like a pile of rubble. Deimos moves from east to west across the sky in about 3 Earth days.ll.Voyager 1 and 2 each reached Jupiter in 1979. Saturn gave Voyager 1 a gravitational slingshot out of the Solar System. Voyager 2 used Saturn’s gravity to propel it closer to Neptune (1986) and Uranus (1989). In 2008 after 31 years of travel both Voyagers crossed different parts of the solar system boundary, known as the termination shock, 90 AU from the Sun.lll.Galileo made 3 passes through the inner solar system before reaching Jupiter in 1995. Galileo went through Jupiter’s moon system discovering large saltwater ocean under Europa’s icy crust.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.lV.Cassini reached Saturn in 2004 later sending out a probe into the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon.V.Jupiter’s AU is 5.2, sidereal period is 11.88 Earth years. Rotation period is just under 10 hrs, 5 min shorter at equator than at the poles. Tilt of rotation is 3 degrees, cloud-top temp. is 150K (-190 degrees F) It has 62 moons.A. The core of Jupiter is solid rock containing iron and silicon and gets about 25,000K because of high pressure. The mantle consists of hydrogen at pressures to make it a liquid metal. Excellent conductor of electricity, creating magnetic field at cloud level. B. Jupiter’s clouds take their red, white, brown and blue colors from sulfur, phosphorus,and other impurities in the atmosphere. Lowest layers of Jupiter’s atmosphere contain Hydrogen, Helium, methane, ammonia and water. Because of Jupiter’s fast rotation its clouds are in constant motion, confined to narrow jet streams. White ovals are higher and cooler and brown ovals are lower and warmer. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is the size of 2 Earths and the largest storm in solar
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