ASTR 1345 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Lunar EclipseII. Solar EclipseIII. Line of NodesIV. UmbraV. PenumbraVI. Penumbral EclipseVII. Partial EclipseVIII. Total EclipseIX. Solar CoronaX. Eclipse PathXI. Annular EclipseOutline of Current Lecture I. MassA. InertiaII. WeightA. GravityB. AccelerationIII. Groundwork of Modern ScienceIV. Newton’s LawsA. Newton’s 1st LawB. Newton’s 2nd LawC. Newton’s 3rd LawD. Newton’s Law of Universal GravitationCurrent Lecturel.Mass or (M) is measured in kilograms. Mass is how much matter an object takes up. It has a constant quantity and is the most fundamental concept.A. The second definition of mass is called inertia. Inertia is the resistance to move or make a change in an objects’ motion.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ll.Weight is Force (F) measured in Newton (N). Weight is a valuable quantity that is not constant and it deals with gravity. A. Gravity causes stars and planets to form, enables stars to shine, and holds galaxies together. Force of gravity is F=mg (mass x gravity). Gravity is 9.8m/s2. As you get farther from the core of the Earth the gravity will become less and less.B. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with time, and velocity is speed and direction of motion together. The force of acceleration is F=ma or a=F/m.lll.The groundwork for modern science was set down by Greek natural philosophers, beginning around 2500 years ago when Pythagoras began using math to describe natural phenomena. About 200 years later Aristotle asserted that the universe is governed by regular laws.lV.A. Newton’s 1st Law is the law of inertia. Inertia is the property of matter that keeps an object at rest or moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by a net external force.B. Newton’s 2nd Law is the force law. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass. Force=mass x acceleration.C. Newton’s 3rd Law is the law of action and reaction. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.D. Newton’s Law of universal gravitation states that 2 objects attract each other with a force that’s directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
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