PSYCH 412 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Nature of AnxietyII. Generalized Anxiety DisorderIII. Panic DisorderIV. Phobic DisordersV. Obsessive Compulsive DisorderVI. Theories of Anxiety DisordersVII. Treatment of Anxiety DisordersOutline of Current LectureI. Essential Features of Somatic Symptom and Related DisordersII. Somatic Symptom DisorderIII. Illness Anxiety DisorderIV. Conversion DisorderV. Factitious DisorderVI. Theoretical Explanations and TreatmentVII. Dissociative DisordersVIII. Dissociative AmnesiaIX. Dissociative Identity DisorderX. Treatment of Dissociative DisordersCurrent LectureI. Essential Features of Somatic Symptom and Related Disordersa. Somatic = physicalb. Mind-body interaction is key with these disorders. These disorders involve experiencing distressing somatic symptoms and abnormal thoughts, feelings, andThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.behaviors in response to them. The symptoms appear to be linked to psychological factors.c. People who are experiencing this and 100% sure that they have something physically wrong with them and not that it is something psychological so they willmost likely seek medical care at a hospital or doctor’s office instead of from a mental health professional.d. Also, these symptoms can trigger high anxiety within the person experiencing them.II. Somatic Symptom Disordera. This is the most common somatic disorder. In order for someone to be diagnosedwith Somatic Symptom Disorder they have to have one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life. They also have to have excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns as manifested by at least one ofthe following:i. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms.ii. Persistently high level of worry and anxiety about health symptoms.iii. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.b. The emotional behavioral problems are what really causes the problem. The people who have this disorder tend to catastrophize about physical feelings and sensations even when they are presented information about their symptoms rooting from psychological problems or that they really don’t have anything wrong with them they don’t believe them and still believe that something is really wrong with them. They often go to many different doctors because they usually believe that the previous doctor was wrong and that there is no way that something isn’t wrong with them. They also usually deny the notion that there is a psychological problem very strongly.III. Illness Anxiety Disordera. This is when a person has a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious, undiagnosed medical illness. Somatic symptoms are usually not present with this disorder and if they actually are present they are only mild in intensity and the preoccupation is clearly excessive. After multiple tests and evaluations everythingfails to identify a serious medical condition. The person’s concern may be based on an actual sensation of the distress itself.b. The person has a high level of anxiety about health and the person is easily alarmed about his or her personal health status. They usually perform excessive health related behaviors such as repeatedly checking body for signs of illness or excessively research their suspected disease and the illness concerns play aprominent role in the person’s life. Also, most people with this disorder have an extensive medical history.IV. Conversion Disordera. AKA Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder.b. This disorder is where there is a predominant disturbance which is a major alteration in a voluntary motor or sensory function. This usually suggests a physical disorder but it is not attributable to a physiological dysfunction and there is no underlying organic cause.c. Classic Symptomsi. Motor symptoms: weakness, paralysis.ii. Sensory symptoms: altered, reduced, or absent skin sensation, vision, or hearing.iii. The person can also have symptoms that resemble seizures. iv. They can also have speech impairmentd. These symptoms or deficits cause clinically significant distress or impairment and they usually develop suddenly. They usually come in times of increased stress or during changes in someone’s life, but this isn’t always the case. The symptoms simulate known disorders but there is usually something that someone with the actually disorder would not experience.e. “La belle indifference”i. This is an attitude that the person with this disorder may develop which involves a lack of concern which is inconsistent with the seriousness of the disorder. About 30% of the people with this disorder experience this.f. The symptoms are not permanent but they can come back and go away unexpectedly.g. This is a fairly uncommon disorder.V. Factitious Disordera. This is when someone deliberately fakes or produces psychological or physical symptoms or illnesses for no obvious reason. The person presents themselves as ill, impaired, or injured. Their deceptive behavior is evident in the absence of any obvious external rewards for being sick, the person is just filling their psychological need to be in the “sick role”b. Munchausen Syndrome by proxyc. There is no obvious reason for the person doing this. They often do a lot of research about illness and deny the facts about their symptoms. This disorder is the most common among people who were abused as children, extremely sick asa child, or with people who are very dependent on others. These people actually tend to be very intelligent.d. Malingering – deliberately fake or producing a symptom or disorder to achieve some goal that is obviously recognizable.VI. Theoretical Explanations and Treatmenta. Psychodynamic Perspectivei. Primary Gain1. The primary gain is the reduction of anxiety from unconscious conflict or repressed trauma through the use of a defense mechanism that transforms the conflict into a physical symptom.ii. Secondary Gain1. The secondary gain is the avoidance of aversive activity or the person receives attention and sympathy.iii. This leads to a person’s inappropriate adoption of the “sick role”b. Observational Learningi. Modeling1. Observational learning accounts to modeling for the development of the