The European Union“Faire L’Europe C’est Faire Le Paix” Jean MonnetEurope UnitedLevels of Economic IntegrationEuropean Union EnlargementEuropean Institutions (Supranational Institutions)EU Legislation Case StudyECJ: Cassis de DijonEuropean BudgetThe European Union“Faire L’Europe C’est Faire Le Paix” Jean MonnetJean MonnetRobert ShumanEurope UnitedThe European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), 1952The European Community (EC)–Treaty of Rome (1957) –Single European Act (1986) – common marketEuropean Union (EU)–Maastricht treaty (1992)-monetary unionTreaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (2004)Levels of Economic IntegrationFree Trade Area (FTA):–North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)Customs Union:–European Community before Single European Act–MERCOSURCommon market:–European Community after Single European Act (1986) implementedEconomic and monetary union–European Union after Maastricht treaty (1992) implementedEuropean Union Enlargement1973: Britain, Ireland, Denmark (9)1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain (12)1994: Austria, Finland, and Sweden (15)2004: 8 CEE countries, Malta, and Cyprus (25)–Bulgaria, Romania – bid for 2007 membership–Turkey, Croatia – started membership negotiationsEuropean Institutions(Supranational Institutions)European Council–Heads of StatesCouncil of Ministers–Government officials/MinistersEuropean Parliament–Directly elected country representativesEuropean Commission–25 commissioners, civil servants–Directorates Generals: Environment, Trade, Justice, External Relations, etc.European Court of JusticeEuropean Central BankEU Legislation Case StudyDirective 2001/80/EC limiting emissions of certain air pollutants large combustion plants (SO2, NOx, dust)European Commission–1997 Acidification Strategy–Proposes directive to tighten emissions for power plants Council of Ministers and European Parliament adopt directive in 2001European Commission monitorsECJ: Cassis de Dijon Germany bans import of Cassis de Dijon liqueurGerman import company Rowe-Zentral AG takes case to the ECJPrecedent for the “mutual recognition” principleEuropean BudgetTotal (2005): 106bn EurosAgriculture (46%):–“with the amount of EU agricultural subsidies you can fly every EU cow across the Atlantic first class”Regional and Structural Funds (30%)Source: