Poverty and DevelopmentAddressing Poverty and InequalityDevelopment AssistanceMeet the Fakers? 2000 ODA as Percent of GDPMillion Promises to Keep?World BankWorld Bank ProjectWorld Bank: Total Lending to BulgariaUnited Nations Development Programs (UNDP)Paradigms of DevelopmentSlide 11Reform Domestic InstitutionsJubilee 2000Address Health FactorsSlide 15The Millennium Development Goals Initiative of Kofi Annan and UN AgenciesPoverty and DevelopmentAddressing Poverty and InequalitySocialism and Communism-Redistribution of assets, equality, state controlState sheltered industrialization, export-led growth-Subsidies, tariffs, private property, but large role of the state Washington Consensus-Liberalize: open trade, remove inefficient state support, remove controls on capital flows, cut the size of the state, privatize, restructureKeynesian State-Social safety netsDevelopment AssistanceOfficial Development Assistance (ODA)–Bilateral –Multilateral: through international organizationsPrivate foundations and NGOs: –Ted Turner, Bill Gates Foundation, Hewlett Packard Foundation, Conservation InternationalMeet the Fakers? 2000 ODA as Percent of GDPMillion Promises to Keep?World BankEstablished by Bretton Woods Agreement (1944)Dominated by largest donor countriesAssistance for restructuring and development–Infrastructure–Structural Adjustment Loans–Education, environmentType of Assistance–Loans–GrantsIncreasingly intrusive policy conditionalityWorld Bank ProjectSardar Sarovar Dam, Narmada River, IndiaWorld Bank: Total Lending to BulgariaFinancial and Enterprise Sector Adjustment Loan (FESAL)Adjustment agriculture: $125mnMarket development: $30mnEducation: $14mnAccess to healthcare: $26Social protection: $24United Nations Development Programs (UNDP)Core UN institutionControlled by the UN General AssemblyLess resources compared to WB, IMF Technical assistance for development–Capacity building–Limited technology transferThe UN Human Development Index (HDI) –Measures well being –Alternative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Paradigms of DevelopmentMarket Driven Growth–Objective: increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP)–Means: free market, get prices right, liberalize, modernize, new technology; more supply of food;–Example: Green RevolutionSustainable Development –Focus on human well-being, both material and non-material–Means: community control of resources; empowerment of women, marginalized people, education, access to finances; entitlement and fairness–Example: State of Kerala, IndiaPractical Solutions?Reform Domestic InstitutionsCorruptionJudicial systemSocial safety netsHuman capitalSocial capitalEncourage savings and access to creditJubilee 2000Jubilee 2000: “A Coalition that brought together unlikely alliances like Puff Daddy and the Pope; Jesse Helms and Bono; the Sisters of the Sacred Heart and the Spice Girls.”Address Health FactorsThe Malaria pandemic-30mn.cases/year-1mn. deaths-$12bn in lost GDP-90% in AfricaThe Millennium Development GoalsThe Millennium Development GoalsInitiative of Kofi Annan and UN AgenciesBy 2015:1. Reduce by half extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Eliminate gender inequality in primary and secondary education 4. Reduce by 2/3 child mortality under 5 years of age5. Reduce by ¾ ratio of women dying in childbirth maternal6. Halt, begin to reverse spared of HIV/AIDS, malaria7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for