Ethnic ConflictSlide 2PowerPoint PresentationStructural causesCase Study: YugoslaviaCroatiaBosnia-HerzegovinaRole of LeadershipKosovoThe Role of Democracy?Macedonia: qualified success?Ethnic ConflictEthnic ConflictConflict between ethnic groups Ethnic groups–Share common sense of identity, culture, common history–Exists as a subgroup in a larger society or nation Sources of ethnic group identification–History, social status, race, religion–Symbols, myths, memoriesNation–Culturally homogeneous groups of people, larger than a single tribe or community, which share a common language, institutions, religion, and historical experienceWhy do groups fight over “small differences”?Structural causesDisintegration of empiresQuest for self determinationSecurity dilemmaCase Study: YugoslaviaCroatiaDeclares independence 1991Recognized as independent by UN in 1992Ethnic war between Croat and Serbs 1991-1995–Ethnic cleansingPopulation: 1996: Croat 78%, Serb 12%, other 10%2001: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% %Source: CIA FactbookBosnia-HerzegovinaDeclared independence in 1992Resistance from ethnic Serbs,War between Serbs, Bosnians, CroatsDayton Agreement 1995International peacekeepers Office of High RepresentativesEntities: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika SrpskaRole of LeadershipExtreme groupsInsecure, autocratic leadershipManipulation of symbols, ideology, historyKosovoProvince in SerbiaEthnic composition: 88% Albanian, 6% Serbs, 3% Muslim Slav, 2% RomaKosovo Liberation Army guerrilla war 1998Milosevic sends troops to Serbian populationNATO air strikes 1998-1999Milosevic looses power 2000, 2001 in HagueKosovo: UN protectorateAlbanians dominate parliamentSpring 2004 unrest in Serb territories–4000 Serbs fledThe Role of Democracy?Representation of ethnic groups’ interestsStrengthen ethnic groups moderatesIdeological moderation?Macedonia: qualified success?Declares independence 1991Greece objectsFYR MacedoniaEthnic groups: Macedonian 64%, Albanian 25%, other 11% Democratic, multi-ethnic government2001 – ethnic conflict broke out lead by Albanian radical group linked to KLAGovernments invites peacekeeping troop: NATO and UNConflict