COMPARATIVE STUDY OF H 264 INTRA FRAME CODING JPEG JPEG LS JPEG 2000 AND JPEGXR EE 5359 Multimedia Project Shreyanka Subbarayappa Electrical Engineering Department Need for Compression Reduce redundancy of the image or video data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form Compressed video can effectively reduce the bandwidth required to transmit video via terrestrial broadcast via cable TV or via satellite TV services NEED FOR IMAGE OR VIDEO COMPRESION Lossless or Lossy Compression Lossless compression There is no information loss and the image can be reconstructed exactly the same as the original Applications Medical imagery Archiving Lossy compression Information loss is tolerable Applications commercial distribution DVD and rate constrained environment where lossless methods cannot provide enough compression ratio VIDEO COMPRESSION STANDARDS MAIN APPLICATIO N YEAR STANDARD SOFTWARE JPEG JPEG Baseline Ref IMAGE 1992 1999 JPEG LS Part 1 Part 2 JPEG LS DLL IMAGE 1999 2000 JPEG2000 JasPer IMAGE 2000 JPEG XR JPEG XR ref IMAGE 2009 H 264 MPEG 4 part 10 JM software ADVANCED VIDEO CODING 2003 JPEG ENCODER AND DECODER ENCODER 12 DECODER 12 JPEG Baseline The name JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group 8x8 block based DCT Scalar quantization Different quantization tables for luminance and chrominance components Huffman coding JPEG2000 Extensions are jp2 j2k jpf jpx jpm mj2 Relies on wavelet transform Another difference in comparison with JPEG is in terms of visual artifacts JPEG 2000 produces ringing artifacts The codestream obtained after compression of an image with JPEG 2000 is scalable in nature meaning that it can be decoded in a number of ways for instance by truncating the codestream at any point JPEG LS It uses a predictive scheme based on the three nearest causal neighbors upper left and upper left The lossless coding process employs a simple predictive coding model called differential pulse code modulation DPCM Once all the samples are predicted the differences between the samples can be obtained and entropy coded in a lossless fashion using Huffman coding or arithmetic coding JPEG XR Block Diagram of JPEG LS Encoder 13 JPEG XR Joint Photographic Experts Group Extended Range was formerly known as Windows Media Photo and HD Photo File extensions are given as hdp jxr wdp HD Photo uses a type of integer transform employing a lifting scheme which resembles a 4 4 DCT but is lossless exactly invertible H 264 BLOCK DIAGRAM Encoder 14 DECODER 15 H 264 MPEG 4 AVC H 264 MPEG 4 AVC is a blockoriented motion compensation based codec standard developed by the ITU T Video Coding Experts Group VCEG together with the ISO IEC Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG Provides good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards H 264 is used in such applications as players for Blu ray Discs videos from YouTube and the iTunes Store web software such as Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight Image Quality Measures Criteria to Two types evaluate compression quality of quality measures Objective quality measure PSNR MSE Structural quality measure SSIM MSE and PSNR for a NxM pixel image are defined as 1 M N x m n y m n 2 MSE M N m 1 n 1 1 L2 PSNR 10 log10 MSE 2 where x is the original image and y is the reconstructed image M and N are the width and height of an image and L is the maximum pixel value in the NxM pixel image Structural Similarity Method SSIM SSIM emphasizes that the human visual system is highly adapted to extract structural information from visual scenes Therefore structural similarity measurement should provide a good approximation to perceptual image quality The SSIM index is defined as a product of luminance l contrast c and structural s comparison functions 1 where 0 0 and 0 are parameters used to adjust the relative importance of the three components 2 3 where is the mean intensity and is the standard deviation as a round estimate of the signal contrast C1 and C2 are constants M is the number of samples in the quality map References 1 AIC website http www bilsen com aic 2 T Wiegand G Sullivan G Bjontegaard and A Luthra Overview of the H 264 AVC Video Coding Standard IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology vol 13 pp 560 576 July 2003 3 K Sayood Introduction to Data Compression Third Edition Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 2006 4 P Topiwala T Tran and W Dai Performance comparison of JPEG2000 and H 264 AVC high profile intra frame coding on HD video sequences Proc SPIE Int l Symposium Digital Image Processing San Diego Aug 2006 5 G K Wallace The JPEG still picture compression standard Communication of the ACM vol 34 pp 31 44 April 1991 6 I Richardson The H 264 advanced video compression standard Wiley publication 2 nd edition 2010 7 JPEG reference software website ftp ftp simtel net pub simtelnet msdos graphics jpegsr6 zip 8 JPEG2000 latest reference software Jasper Version 1 900 0 Website http www ece uvic ca mdadams jasper 9 JPEG LS reference software website http www hpl hp com loco 10 Microsoft HD photo specification http www microsoft com whdc xps wmphotoeula mspx 11 H 264 AVC reference software JM 17 2 Website http iphome hhi de suehring tml download 12 JPEG Encoder and Decoder Block Diagram http www cmlab csie ntu edu tw cml dsp training coding jpeg jpeg decoder htm 13 JPEG LS Block Diagram http pam wikipedia org wiki Lossless JPEG 14 H 264 Encoder Block Diagram http conf ncku edu tw research articles e 20071102 2 html 15 H 264 Decoder Block Diagram http www allgosystems com html h264 arm11 htm 16 A Skodras C Christopoulos and T Ebrahimi The JPEG 2000 still Image Compression Standard IEEE Signal Processing vol 17 pp 1 144 Jan 2002 17 M J Weinberger G Seroussi G Sapiro The LOCO I lossless image compression algorithm principles and standardization into JPEG LS IEEE Trans on Image Processing vol 9 pp 1309 1324 Aug 2000 18 C Christopoulos A Skodras T Ebrahimi The JPEG2000 still image coding system an overview IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics vol 46 pp 1103 1127 Nov 2000 19 G K Wallace The JPEG still picture compression standard Communication of the ACM vol 34 pp 31 44 April 1991 20 P Schelkens A Skodras and T Ebrahimi The JPEG 2000 suite Hoboken NJ Wiley 2009 21 P Topiwala Comparative study of JPEG2000 and H 264 AVC FRExt I frame coding on high definition video sequences Proc SPIE Int l Symposium Digital Image Processing vol 5909 issue 1 San Diego Aug 2005 THANK YOU
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