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UT Arlington EE 5359 - LOW COMPLEXITY AVS-CHINA PART II VIDEO CODEC

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PhD Comprehensive exam proposalPlanned Exam date, May 6, 2010The University of Texas at Arlington, 2010Supervising Professor: Dr. K. R. RaoLOW COMPLEXITY AVS-CHINA PART II VIDEO CODECDESIGN USING DATAMINING TECHNIQUES- by Jennie G. AbrahamABSTRACTThis research proposes to reduce the computational complexity of AVS-ChinaPart II video codec by reducing the overall computations involved in intra andinter mode decisions. The attempt is to accomplish this by using decision treeswhich is one of the data mining techniques for classification. A number ofattributes for each macroblock (MB) is extracted to be given as input to thedecision tree algorithm. The various attributes give sufficient amount of statisticalinformation of each MB and thus should allow the classification of the MBs suchthat they are mapped to the appropriate mode which would have been assignedto them by the codec. This classification would be done offline and the resultsfrom the decision tree can be written as if-else statements in C. This piece ofcode would then replace the complex mode decision algorithm in the videocodec. Extensive offline data mining should then enable for determining adecision tree that would work for all videos. This would result in a low complexityvideo codec which is modified once and for all times. Expected outcome of theresearch also includes video quality nearly equivalent to the original video codecwithout any decrease in the compression ratio.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Scope of a standard2. AVS CHINA PART – II2.1 Profiles and Levels 2.1.1 AVS-Video Jizhun profile (base profile) 2.1.2. AVS-video Jiben profile (basic profile) 2.1.3. AVS-Shenzhan profile (extended profile) 2.1.4. AVS-Jiaqiang profile (enhanced profile) 2.2 Data Formats used in AVS2.2.1 Layered Structure 2.3 System Architecture3. CODING TOOLS IN AVS CHINA – VIDEO Part 23.1 8x8 Intra Predictions3.2 Inter Prediction3.2.1 P-Prediction3.2.2 Bi-prediction3.2.3 Interpolation3.3 Transform and Quantization3.3.1 8x8 integer cosine transform (ICT)3.4 In-loop deblocking filter3.5 2D VLC (Variable Length Coding)4. DATA MINING AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR MODE DECISION TREES4.1 LOW COMPLEXITY MODE DECISION ALGORITHM 5. SUMMARY6. REFERENCESLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFig 1.1: An example of a multimedia ecosystemFig 1.2: History of audio/video coding standardsFig 1.3: Video encoding / decoding processFig 1.4 shows the encoding and decoding processes of a general video Fig: 2.1 Color formats of input sequenceFig: 2.2 A frame divided into two fieldsFig 2.3: Layered data structure Fig. 2.4 16x16 MB in 4:2:0 format Fig 2.5: Normal slice structure and flexible slice set in AVS-videoFig 2.6: Macroblock partitioning for inter predictionFig 2.7: AVS video coding frameworkFig 2.8: Intra predictionFig 2.9: Inter prediction in a block-based video codecFig. 2.10 Four types of block sizes supported in AVS-P2Fig. 2.11 Zig-zag scanning order and new scanning orderFig 2.12: Reconstruction of MB image from residual MB and MB predicted using motion vectorsFig 3.1: Neighboring pixels in luminance intra predictionFig 3.2: Five luminance intra prediction modesFig 3.3: Symmetric mode of AVS Part 2Fig 3.4: Position of integer pixels, 1/2 pixels and 1/4 pixelsFig 3.5: Maximum of two reference pictures in AVS-videoFig 3.6: Quantization of the transformed coefficients of the image blockFig 3.7 Six pixels involved in de-blocking filteringFig. 4.1 Example of a decision tree generated by WEKA Fig: 4.2 Extracting features of MB adjacent to current blockLIST OF TABLESTable 2.1: Different parts of AVS standardTable 2.2 Application-based profiles of AVSTable 2.3: Features of the four profiles in AVS-China video codecLIST OF ACRONYMSAVS Audio Video Standard AVS-M Audio Video Standard for mobile B-Frame Interpolated Frame CAVLC Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding CBP Coded Block Pattern CIF Common Intermediate Format DPB Decoded Picture Buffer DVD Digital Versatile DiscEOB End of Block HD High Definition HHR Horizontal High Resolution ICT Integer Cosine Transform IDR Instantaneous Decoding Refresh I-Frame Intra Frame ITU-T International Telecommunication Union MB Macroblocks MBPAFF Macro Block Pair Adaptive Field FrameMPEG Moving Picture Experts Group PAFF Picture Adaptive Field FrameP-Frame Predicted Frame QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format QP Quantization ParameterRD Rate Distortion SAD Sum of Absolute Differences SD Standard Definition TV TelevisionVLC Variable Length Coding1. INTRODUCTIONBroadcast television and home entertainment have been revolutionized by theadvent of digital TV and DVD-video. These applications and many more aremade possible by the standardization of video compression technology. Videocompression (or video coding) is an essential technology for applications such asdigital television, DVD-Video, mobile TV, videoconferencing and internet videostreaming [1]. Fig. 1.1 shows the example of a home media ecosystem.Figure 1.1: An example of a home media ecosystemIn today’s world a seamless integration of various standards is highly desirable.The history of various audio video coding standards as they emerged over theyears can be seen in Figure 1.2. 1stGENERATION 2ndGENERATIONFigure 1.2: History of audio/video coding standards [21]Standardizing video compression makes it possible for products from differentmanufacturers (e.g. encoders, decoders and storage media) to inter-operate. Anencoder converts video into a compressed format and a decoder convertscompressed video back into an uncompressed format.1.1 Scope of a standardThe process of converting a digital video into a format that takes up less capacitywhen it is stored or transmitted is defined by each industry standard for videocompression. These standards define the format (syntax) for compressed videobitstream and a method for decoding this syntax to produce a displayable videosequence. The standard document does not actually specify how to encode(compress) digital video – this is left to the manufacturer of a video encoder – butin practice the encoder is likely to mirror the steps of the decoding process.Figure 1.3: Video encoding / decoding processFigure 1.3 shows the encoding and decoding processes of a general videocompression scheme and highlights the parts specified by the standard.Predict Transform Quantize


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UT Arlington EE 5359 - LOW COMPLEXITY AVS-CHINA PART II VIDEO CODEC

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