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IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2-D ORDER 16 INTEGER TRANSFORMS IN H.264/AVC AND AVS-VIDEO FOR HIGH DEFENITION VIDEO CODING by MADHU PERINGASSERY KRISHNAN Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON DECEMBER 2010Copyright © by Madhu Peringassery Krishnan 2010 All Rights Reservediv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. K. R. Rao, for his guidance, support and encouragement at every stage of development in this research work. I would like to thank Dr. Manry and Dr. Davis for serving on my committee. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. P. Topiwala for his inputs towards the completion of this research. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family and friends who have helped me throughout my life. November 24, 2010v ABSTRACT IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2-D ORDER 16 INTEGER TRANSFORMS IN H.264/AVC AND AVS-VIDEO FOR HIGH DEFENITION VIDEO CODING Madhu Peringassery Krishnan, M.S The University of Texas at Arlington, 2010 Supervising Professor: K. R. Rao H.264/AVC and AVS-video are two video coding standards that have a wide range of applications ranging from high-end professional camera and editing systems to low-end mobile applications. They strive to achieve maximum compression efficiency without compromising the quality of video. To this end many coding tools are defined in them. Transform coding is one among them. Transform coding represents the signal/image (that is currently in time/spatial domain) in another domain (transform domain), where most of the energy in signal/image is concentrated in a fewer number of coefficients. Thus the insignificant coefficients can be discarded after transform coding to achieve compression. In images/videos, the DCT-II (which represents a signal/image as the weighted sum of cosine functions with different frequencies) is primarily used for transform coding.vi H.264/AVC and AVS-video utilize integer approximations of the DCT-II (known as integer cosine transform) to reduce computational complexity by performing only fixed-point arithmetic operations and eliminates the mismatches between the forward and inverse transforms. The order (size) of the integer cosine transforms used is small (4 x 4 and 8 x 8). They achieve the best coding efficiency for standard definition and low-resolution videos. But, better coding efficiency can be achieved for high definition videos by using higher order (16 x 16 and 32 x 32) integer cosine transforms. As high definition videos are becoming more and more popular, it is imperative that sooner or later they will be integrated into the standards. For this purpose many higher order (16 x 16 and 32 x 32) integer cosine transforms have been proposed. But, a comparative study on the performance of these higher order integer cosine transforms in H.264/AVC and AVS-video has not been done yet. The purpose of this research is to analyze some higher order 16 x 16 integer cosine transforms, implement them in H.264/AVC and AVS-video and carry out a comparative study of their performances.vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………..………..….. .................................. 20 1.1 Discrete cosine transform and video compression ...................................... 20 1.2 Integer cosine transforms ........................................................................... 21 1.3 HD video coding and integer cosine transforms .......................................... 23 1.4 Outline ....................................................................................................... 26 2. H.264/AVC .............................................................................................................. 27 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 27 2.2 H.264/AVC encoder ................................................................................... 30 2.2.1 Intra prediction ............................................................................ 31 2.2.2 Inter prediction ............................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Transform coding ........................................................................ 37 2.2.4 Entropy coding ............................................................................ 40 2.2.5 Deblocking filter .......................................................................... 40 2.2.6 Error resilience ........................................................................... 41 2.3 H.264/AVC decoder ................................................................................... 41viii 3. AVS-VIDEO ............................................................................................................. 43 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 43 3.2 AVS-video encoder .................................................................................... 43 3.2.1 Intra prediction ............................................................................ 44 3.2.2 Inter prediction ............................................................................ 47 3.2.3 Transform coding ........................................................................ 50 3.2.4 Quantization and scanning .......................................................... 51 3.2.5 Entropy coding ............................................................................ 53 3.2.6 In-loop Deblocking filter
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