Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Academic IntegrityPlagiarismSlide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18The Land and Oceans have both warmed, but…Precipitation patterns have changedSlide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Vertical Layers of the Lower AtmosphereAtmospheric Properties vs. Altitude Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Vertical Layers of the Lower AtmosphereGreenhouse GasesMethaneAnthropogenic Methane SourcesNitrous Oxide N2OAnthropogenic Sources of Nitrous OxideCFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)Sources of CFCsSlide Number 45MET 112 Global Climate Change - Lecture 1Professor Menglin JinSan Jose State University, Department of Meteorologywww.met.sjsu.edu/~jinFor greensheet, class notes seehttp://www.met.sjsu.edu/~jin/MET112.htmOutline of today’s lecture1. Introduction and Welcome2. Discussion on the “greensheet”3. Learning Contract4. First glance on observations of Changing ClimateAbout Professor1. 2. to be an effective teacher 3.A good scholarResearch projects: funded by NASA, NSF, Department of DefenseOn land surface climate change, urbanization, remote sensingGoalMETO112 will help you to know the fundamentals of global climate change, and gain appreciation of the complexities involved with climate change issuesMain CoverageIntroduction to Atmosphere and SurfaceWeather and ClimateTemperatureObserved global climate change in atmosphere, land surface and oceanpollutionacid rainthe ozone holeglobal warmingUncertainty Related current ObservationsHuman effects on ClimateHomework: 20%Midterm Exam: 20%Class Participation 5%Group Project: 20%Final Exam: 35%Scale: 90+ A, 80’s B, 70’s C, 60’s D, <60 FHomework will be assigned on Tuesdays in class collected in discussions on two weeks later.Content1. Knowledge on Climate System:Atmosphere StructureLand Surface PropertiesLand-Ocean-Atmosphere InteractionGlobal Energy BalanceGlobal Hydrological CycleC cycleGlacierAerosols and cloudsOzone 2. Past Climate Change3. Recent Climate Change4. Climate Modeling – Its basics and Uncertainty5. Climate Feedback6. Urban Climate Change – Land Cover Change7. Climate Change and Human Health8. Remaining Questions on Global Climate Change Research9. 10 Things You can do to Fight Climate ChangeLecture Hour: 9:00-10:15AM Tuesday & ThursdayPlace: DH515Office Hour: Thursday 2:00-3:30PMPlace: MSJ’s Office (DH621)Lecture Hour: 12:00-13:15AM Tuesday & ThursdayPlace: DH250Office Hour: Thursday 2:00-3:30PMPlace: MSJ’s Office (DH621)METR112-03METR112-02I will meet with you for extra office hour when you need. send email for appointment.References:“The Rough Guide to Climate Change”by Robert Henson, the 2nd edition Meteorology: Understanding the Atmosphere,by Ackerman and Knox, chapter 1Useful materials will be assigned on webpage/homework/classLearning ContractInstructor-On time and prepared.-Answers questions.-Approachable and friendly.-Fair with assignments and grades.-Genuinely concerned about your learning and intellectual development.Students-Make every effort to arrive on time; and if late, enter class quietly.-Preserve a good classroom learning environment by a) refraining from talking when other people are talking b) turning off cell phones.-Be courteous to other students and the instructor.-Aware that learning is primarily their responsibility.-Aware of universities policy on academic integrity and pledge to abide by them at all times. -Have read and understand what plagiarism is and know how to cite sources properly.Academic Integrity• Integrity of university, its courses and degrees relies on academic standards.• Cheating:– Copying from another’s test, cheatsheet etc.– Sitting an exam by, or as, a surrogate.– Submitting work for another• Plagiarism:– Representing the work of another as one’s own (without giving appropriate credit)Plagiarism• Judicial Affairshttp://sa.sjsu.edu/judicial_affairs/index.html• Look at the Student Code of Conduct• Read through SJSU library site on Plagiarismhttp://www.sjlibrary.org/services/literacy/info_comp/plagiarism .htmLet’s see some key global change observations….. .Changeinsurfacetemperature in20th centuryObservedtemperaturechanges1992-93Cooling due toMt. PinatuboWarming due to El NiñoCooling due to La NiñoThe best scientific estimate is that global mean temperaturewill increase between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees C over the next century as a result of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This kind of increase in global temperature would cause significant rise in average sea-level (0.09-0.88 meters), Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century The 20th century's 10 warmest years all occurred in the last 15 years of the centuryThe Land and Oceans have both warmed, but…Precipitation patterns have changedWild Weather!Wild Weather!Blizzard1. Evaporation, transpiration (plants)2. Atmospheric transport (vapor)3. Condensation (liquid water, ice)4. Precipitation5. Surface transport (continental rivers, aquifers and ocean currents)Earth’s Hydrological Cycle - SchematicPHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, PlatnickThe “Keeling curve,” a long-term record of atmospheric CO2 concentration measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al.).Although the annual oscillations represent natural, seasonal variations,the long-term increase means that concentrations are higher thanthey have been in 400,000 years. Graphic courtesy of NASA’s Earth Observatory.Human Population Density increases at Urban Regions by 2006 (people per km2)Urban Heat Island Effect50kmLocal Urbanization changes surface temperatureUrban heat island effectDaytimeNighttime50km50kmMODIS(Jin et al. 2005, Journal of Climate)Because of the potential impact on society, global warming is a frequent topicin news report. Sometimes, these reports suggest that scientists are arguingwhether greenhouse gases will change the climate. In scientific discussion, the issue is not whether greenhouse gases will induce a climate change. This issues are what the effects will be and how these can be detected, and reduced, if possible. In order to understand these, fundamental