Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Academic IntegrityPlagiarismSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21The Land and Oceans have both warmed, but…Precipitation patterns have changedSlide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Vertical Layers of the Lower AtmosphereAtmospheric Properties vs. AltitudeSlide 42Slide 43Slide 44Greenhouse GasesMethaneAnthropogenic Methane SourcesNitrous Oxide N2OAnthropogenic Sources of Nitrous OxideCFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)Sources of CFCsSlide 52MET 112 Global Climate Change - Lecture 1Professor Menglin JinSan Jose State University, Department of Meteorologywww.met.sjsu.edu/~jinOutline of today’s lecture1. Introduction and Welcome2. Discussion on the “greensheet”3. Learning Contract4. First glance on observations of Changing ClimateFor greensheet, class ppt noteswww.met.sjsu.edu/~jin/MET112.htmAbout Professor1. 2. to be an effective teacher 3. A good scholar www.met.sjsu.edu/~jinResearch projects: funded by NASA, NSF, Department of DefenseOn land surface climate change, urbanization, remote sensingGoalMETO112 will help you to know the fundamentals of global climate change, and gain appreciation of the complexities involved with climate change issues Main CoverageIntroduction to Atmosphere and SurfaceWeather and ClimateTemperatureObserved global climate change in atmosphere, land surface and oceanpollutionacid rainthe ozone holeglobal warmingUncertainty Related current ObservationsHuman effects on ClimateHomework: 20%Midterm Exam: 20%Class Participation 5%Group Project: 20%Final Exam: 35%Scale: 90+ A, 80’s B, 70’s C, 60’s D, <60 FHomework will be assigned on Tuesdays in class collected in discussions on two weeks later.Content1. Knowledge on Climate System:Atmosphere StructureLand Surface PropertiesLand-Ocean-Atmosphere InteractionGlobal Energy BalanceGlobal Hydrological CycleC cycleGlacierAerosols and cloudsOzone 2. Past Climate Change3. Recent Climate Change4. Climate Modeling – Its basics and Uncertainty5. Climate Feedback6. Urban Climate Change – Land Cover Change7. Climate Change and Human Health8. Remaining Questions on Global Climate Change Research9. 10 Things You can do to Fight Climate ChangeLecture Hour: 9:00-10:15AM Tuesday & ThursdayPlace: DH515Office Hour: Thursday 2:00-3:30PMPlace: MSJ’s Office (DH621)Lecture Hour: 12:00-13:15AM Tuesday & ThursdayPlace: DH250Office Hour: Thursday 2:00-3:30PMPlace: MSJ’s Office (DH621)METR112-03METR112-02I will meet with you for extra office hour when you need. send email for appointment.References:“The Rough Guide to Climate Change” by Robert Henson, the 2nd edition Meteorology: Understanding the Atmosphere,by Ackerman and Knox, chapter 1Useful materials will be assigned on webpage/homework/class(cheap!)Academic Integrity•Integrity of university, its courses and degrees relies on academic standards.•Cheating:–Copying from another’s test, cheatsheet etc.–Sitting an exam by, or as, a surrogate.–Submitting work for another•Plagiarism:–Representing the work of another as one’s own (without giving appropriate credit)Plagiarism•Judicial Affairshttp://sa.sjsu.edu/judicial_affairs/index.html•Look at the Student Code of Conduct•Read through SJSU library site on Plagiarismhttp://www.sjlibrary.org/services/literacy/info_comp/plagiarism.htm•http://turnitin.com/Let’s see some key global change observations….. .Change in surface temperature in 20th centuryTemperature is measured by therometerWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO) http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlWeather station http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Translational-motion.gifObserved temperature changes1992-93Cooling due toMt. PinatuboWarming due to El NiñoCooling due to La Niño•The best scientific estimate is that global mean temperature will increase between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees C over the next century as a result of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This kind of increase in global temperature would cause significant rise in average sea-level (0.09-0.88 meters), and other severe consequences •Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century •The 20th century's 10 warmest years all occurred in the last 15 years of the centuryThe Land and Oceans have both warmed, but…Precipitation patterns have changedWild Weather!Wild Weather!Blizzard1. Evaporation, transpiration (plants)2. Atmospheric transport (vapor)3. Condensation (liquid water, ice)4. Precipitation5. Surface transport (continental rivers, aquifers and ocean currents)Earth’s Hydrological Cycle - SchematicPHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, PlatnickThe “Keeling curve,” a long-term record of atmospheric CO2 concentration measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al.). Although the annual oscillations represent natural, seasonal variations, the long-term increase means that concentrations are higher than they have been in 400,000 years. Graphic courtesy of NASA’s Earth Observatory.It is has water, oxygen and a hospitable climateReference: IPCCWorld Population 6,446,131,400 The Challenge: Sustainable Management of an Ever-Changing PlanetHuman Population Density increases at Urban Regions by 2006 (people per km2)Urban Heat Island EffectDefinitionsDefinitions•Climate Change: – Changes in climate of the past, present or future associated with natural or anthropogenic (human) factors•Global Warming:– Warming of the 20th and 21st century associated with anthropogenic activities.Because of the potential impact on society, global warming is a frequent topic in news report. Sometimes, these reports suggest that scientists are arguingwhether greenhouse gases will change the climate. In scientific discussion, the issue is not whether greenhouse gases will induce a climate change. This issues are what the effects will be and how these can be detected, and reduced, if possible. In order to understand these, fundamental knowledge of atmosphere and climate system neededAtmosphere Composition and StructureTable 1: Composition of the AtmosphereGasPercentage by VolumeNitrogen 78.08Oxygen 20.95Argon 0.93Trace GasesCarbon dioxide 0.038Methane 0.00017Ozone 0.000004Chlorofluorocarbons 0.00000002Water vapor Highly variable(0-4%)The early Greeks considered "air" to be one of four elementary