School Aged WorksheetName:_________Jessie Kichigin Person #:_50033866Describe the theoretical concept of the following theorists:Erikson- In regards to preschoolers, Erikson’s initiative vs guilt stage was widely brought to consideration. He believed that the child investigates the world—how it works, how it can be affected, etc. They learn how to deal with life events appropriately. Failure to gain initiative will lead to guilt when interpreting a child’s own standing in society. Piaget- Piaget’s theory revolved around the concept of play. “Play is the child’s work,”meaning play is how the child learns. Magical thinking is usually a constituent of play. As children age, their method of play changes. For example, parallel play is for two year olds when they play side by side, and dramatic play begins around 3 or fourwhere they interact more and pretend. Freud- Freud’s theory states the preschool age marks the beginning of the phallic stage. The pleasure of children is focused on genitals. Usually the child will be in lovewith the parent of the opposite sex (ex. Daughter and father, son and mother). Sexualconfusion can arise if this stage goes awry. Kohlberg- Kohlberg developed a theory based on moral reasoning. These stages were pre-conventional (how can the child avoid punishment?), conventional (obey by social norms), and post conventional (conscience). Define the following terms:Metacognition- intellectual process that enables people to monitor their thinking an memory; thinking about thinkingSocial cognition-encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, of information in the brainConcrete Operational- The third stage of cognitive development; begins at ages five to seven and allows the child to perform mental operations, such as conservation, decentration, and reversibility, on objects that are concrete and that can be directly experienced. Conservation of mass & numbers- when a child can understand the concept that mass doesn’t change, no matter what shape something turns into. Control processes- strategies and techniques that enhance memoryAccording to Piaget, what were some ways he believed a child would become successful at cognitive development?Piaget thought that the preoperational stage was important for development of cognition. The stage consists of egocentrism- the way the world is in the eyes of the child, magical thinking, animism, reification—the belief that all people in stories or tv are real, and conservation of mass. Most of these can be explored through play, which is what Piaget stressed. Fill in the blank:Sociocentrism____________is when a child begins to compare themselves with others.At the age of 8, a child’s brain is ____80%_____ of its adult brain.Growth spurts for girls occur at age___9___ and for boys at age __11____.16% of school-aged children in the U.S are considered obese___.Social inferences, social responsibility and social regulation all contribute to a child’s______social