1MICROBIOLOGY - EXAM 3 2004 NAME _____________________ 1. Viruses range in size froma. 1 to 1000 nm (0.001 to 1 µm)b. 10 to 500 µm (0.01 to 0.5 mm)c. 10 to 500 nm (0.01 to 0.5 µm)d. 10 to 500 µm (0.01 to 0.5 nm)2. Members of the genus Propionibacterium are so named because they produce propionic acid which isa. important in protecting our skin from pathogens.b. important to the flavor of Swiss cheese.c. a fermentation product of the bacteriumd. all of the above.e. none of the above3. Which parts of the human body have a normal microbiota?a. tongue and nostrilsb. kidneys and lymph nodesc. heart and lungsd. all of the above4. Opsonization is the process by which......a. antigens coat the invader and make it easier for B-Cells to find.b. holes are punched in invading cells.c. invading cells are coated with antibodies and therefore marked for destruction.d. invading cells are surrounded by TH-cells.5. Virulence Plasmids can confer virulence to a bacterium by coding for thea. production of one or more toxins.b. production of siderophores.c. ability to form a capsule.d. production adhesions.e. all of the above6. “Lysogenic conversion” refers to:a. changing the ability of a bacterium to cause disease (e.g. via phage that have genes for toxin production)b. viral genes that change the phenotype of the host cell (e.g. converting a non-pathogen to a pathogen)c. conversion of a non-pathogen to a pathogen via F-plasmids that carry toxin genes.d. all of the above.e. a and b.7. There are many artificial ways to make bacterial cells competent for transformation, such asa. injection of the F-plasmid into the cellsb. electroporation.c. killing the recipient cells with heatd. all of the above8. Foreign cells that invade the human body become coated with specific antibodies and are...a. protected from further immune response.b. ejected from the body in sweat and saliva.c. destroyed by the complement system and/or phagocytes.d. called antigen presenting phagocytes.9. had troops boil water to avoid illness and _________ built extensive aqueducts all over Europe to ensure the supply of fresh drinking water.a. Ghenghis Khan / the Romansb. The Romans/Ceasarc. Alexander the Great/the Romansd. The Romans/Ghengis Khan210. Bacterial restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) cleave foreign DNA that isa. methylated in the same pattern as the bacterium.b. unmethylated.c. in plasmids.d. going to be transferred during conjugation.11. Conjugation is brought about via information stored on fertility plasmids (conjugativeplasmids), which contain genes for:a. the F pilusb. mobilization of the plasmid (transfer factors)c. antibiotic resistanced. an origin of replicatione. a, b and cf. all of the above12. What was the key piece of evidence that helped Beijerinck deduce that the causative agent of tobaccomosaic disease was not a toxin?a. He used an electron microscope to show that it was a virus.b. He used dilution experiments to show it was multiplying in the plant, but he still could not see it.c. He crystallized the capsid, proving that viruses were made of nucleic acidsd. He fulfilled all of Koch’s postulates.e. all of the above13. Immunization (vaccination) works because of the fact that specific _______ B-cells areproduced in response to the first exposure to specific foreign ______.a. memory / antibodiesb. plasma / antigensc. memory / antigensd. plasma / antibodiese. memory / T-cells14. Artificial Wetlands:a. Need to inhibit microbial photosynthesis in order to treat waste.b. Are a form of secondary waste treatment.c. Are an example of activated sludge treatment.d. Are not a place fish can live.e. None of the above15. In Immunology, “neutralization reactions” refer toa. a lowering of the pH on skin and mucosal surfaces in an attempt to discourage pathogens.b. neutralization of pH during the complement cascade inside a phagocyte.c. coating of antigenic toxins and viral proteins with specific antibodies.d. the killing of our own viral-infected cells by cytotoxic and killer T-cells16. Primary Treatment of Sewage:a. Is required by the Clean Water Act of 1972.b. Is a physical process using gravity to do the work.c. Uses a sedimentation tank to settle the material.d. All of the above.e. b and c only17. Anaerobic Digestion:a. Is performed on the liquid effluent of the primary and secondary treatments.b. Produces a nutrient rich solid end-product that can be burned, put into landfills, or usedas fertilizerc. Produces methane as a gaseous end-product.d. All of the above.e. b and c only318. During the production of Sauternes, _______ grow on the grapes in the field digestingthe ______ in the grape skins. The grapes are then hand picked and fermented by yeatsthat specialize in the fermentation of glucose leaving the ______ behind in the wine.a. Botrytis cinerea / pectin / fructoseb. Acetogenic Bacteria / protein / pectinc. Botrytis cinerea / fructose / pectind. Penicillium cambertii / pectin / fructosee. Saccharomyces ellipsoides / glucose / pectin19. Biomagnification is most likely to occur with chemicals that area. highly chlorinated and recalcitrantb. highly chlorinated and biodegradablec. highly chlorinated and recalcitrant20. In the production of blue cheeses, the fungus _________ is injected into the cheese to aidin the _________ process.a. Penicillium camemberti / brieingb. Penicillium roquefortii / curd-makingc. Propionbacterium camemberti / ripeningd. Penicillium roquefortii / ripeninge. Propionbacterium camemberti / curd-making21. An Hfr cell has the genetic information of the F plasmida. free, as a plasmid, in the cytoplasmb. incorporated into a larger plasmid that always codes for antibiotic resistancec. integrated into the plasma membrane of the host celld. integrated into the chromosome22. The malo-lactic fermentation is responsible fora. increasing the pH of some red wines.b. decreasing the alcohol content of some red wines.c. adding more malic acid to some red wines.d. all of the above23. Plasmids can contain genes that encode fora. antibiotic resistanceb. special metabolic propertiesc. capsule formationd. toxin productione. all of the above24. Which of the following are most efficient at transference of chromosomal DNA to F- cells?a. F+ cellsb. lysogenized cellsc. Hfr cellsd. competent cellse. none of the above25.