Definition of Personality TraitDefinitional Features of Personality DisorderSlide 3Slide 4Three Clusters of Personality DisordersSlide 6Slide 7The Challenge of Working With Personality Disorders“Red Flags” for Identifying Personality DisordersBeck’s Theory of Personality DisordersSlide 11Definition of SchemasCharacteristics of SchemasSlide 14Slide 15Beck’s Profile of Personality DisordersSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Cognitive Therapy for Personality DisorderTherapeutic AssumptionsProblems in CollaborationCognitive TechniquesBehavioral TechniquesGoals of Behavioral TechniquesSpecific Behavioral TechniquesBorderline Personality DisorderSignificance of BPDSignificance of BPD Cont.Diagnostic Features of BPDCBT for Borderline Personality Disorder (Linehan)Linehan ModelComponents of Emotional DysregulationSlide 54Features of the Invalidating EnvironmentRole of the Invalidating EnvironmentConsequences of the Invalidating EnvironmentLinkage of Emotional Dysregulation and BPD Behavioral CharacteristicsSlide 59Areas of Divergence From Standard CBTSlide 61Characteristics of the DBT TreatmentSlide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Major Modes of Treatment in DBTSpecific Skill Training Modules in DBTSlide 69Slide 70Slide 71Efficacy DataCBT Treatment of Avoidant Personality DisorderStudy OverviewMajor FindingsSlide 76DesignSubjectsTreatmentsResultsResults Cont.Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Quantitative ReviewDescription of Included StudiesDescription of Included Studies Cont.Slide 85Definition of Personality TraitEnduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contextsDefinitional Features of Personality DisorderEnduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture and is manifested in at least two of the following areas:Definitional Features of Personality Disorder•The pattern is manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control (Criterion A)•The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations (Criterion B)•Leads to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Criterion C)Definitional Features of Personality Disorder•The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood (Criterion D)•The pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder (Criterion E)•The pattern is not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance or a general medical condition (Criterion F)Three Clusters of Personality Disorders•Cluster A (odd eccentric)–Paranoid–Schizoid–SchizotypalThree Clusters of Personality Disorders•Cluster B (dramatic-emotional)–Antisocial–Borderline–Histrionic–NarcissisticThree Clusters of Personality Disorders•Cluster C (anxious-fearful)–Avoidant–Dependent–Obsessive-compulsiveThe Challenge of Working With Personality Disorders•Patients typically come for therapy with presenting problems other than personality problems•They require more work within the session•Longer duration of treatment•Greater strain on the therapist’s skills and patience•Greater difficulty in treatment compliance“Red Flags” for Identifying Personality Disorders•A patient or significant other reports that the patient “has always done that” or has always been that way”•The patient is not compliant with the therapeutic regimen•Therapy progress seems to have come to a complete stop for no apparent reason•Patients often will seem unaware of the effect their behavior has on others•Patient’s problems appear to be acceptable and natural for themBeck’s Theory of Personality Disorders•Certain behavioral patterns or strategies that had adaptive value in evolutionary terms, become maladaptive in today’s society when these “strategies” become exaggeratedBeck’s Theory of Personality Disorders•A strong relationship exists between the cognitive patterns on the one hand and the affective and behavioral patterns on the otherDefinition of SchemasSchemas are relatively stable information processing structures that operate in a feed-forward system to guide the processing of information. They are not themselves conscious, although they can be recognized, evaluated, and their interpretations tested.Characteristics of Schemas•They integrate and attach meaning to events •They can be described in terms of valence or level of activation•They can be of a highly idiosyncratic contentCharacteristics of Schemas•They vary according to their function •When particular schemas are hypervalent, the threshold for activation of the constituent schemas is lowBeck’s Theory of Personality Disorders•Each personality disorder has its own profile that can be characterized by core beliefs about the self and others and compensatory strategies associated with those core beliefsBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main StrategyAvoidant Vulnerable to rejection, Inept, IncompetentBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main StrategyAvoidant Vulnerable to rejection, Inept, IncompetentCriticalSuperiorDemeaningBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main StrategyAvoidant Vulnerable to rejection, Inept, IncompetentCriticalSuperiorDemeaningIt’s terrible to be rejected; If people know the real me, they will reject meBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main StrategyAvoidant Vulnerable to rejection, Inept, IncompetentCriticalSuperiorDemeaningIt’s terrible to be rejected; If people know the real me they will reject meAvoids evaluative situationsBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main StrategyParanoid RighteousInnocent NobleVulnerableBeck’s Profile of Personality DisordersPersonality DisorderView of Self View of OthersMain Belief Main
View Full Document
Unlocking...