Lecture OverviewHistorical DevelopmentsConceptual Approaches Within the Behavior TherapiesMajor Features of Social Learning TheoryTriadic ReciprocitySlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Things to Know about Self-EfficacySelf-Efficacy DeterminationCommonly Held Myths About Behavior TherapyCommon Characteristics of the Behavior TherapiesCommon Characteristics of the Behavior Therapies Cont.Slide 15Current Trends in Behavior Therapy ResearchDiscussion of Empirically-supported TreatmentsCriteria for an Empirically-Supported Treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998)Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Socio-political Factors in the Push for Empirically-Supported TreatmentsSlide 25Objections/Limitations to Empirically-Supported TreatmentsObjections/limitations to Empirically-supported TreatmentsSlide 28Moving Therapy Research ForwardCharacteristics of Science-based Clinical PracticePowerPoint PresentationCharacteristics of Science-Based Clinical PracticeBridging the Gap Between Science and Practice01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 1Lecture Overview•Nature and history of the behavior therapies–Early developments–Conceptual approaches–Common myths–Common features–Current status•Empirically-supported treatments–Definition and criteria–Discussion of empirically-supported treatments•Discussion of science-based clinical practice01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 2Historical Developments•Early developments (low impact)–Pavlov–Watson–Thorndike•Modern origins (high impact)–Wolpe–Eysenck–Skinner–Bandura01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 3Conceptual Approaches Within the Behavior Therapies•Applied behavior analyses•Classical conditioning approach•Cognitive behavior modification•Social learning theory01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 4Major Features of Social Learning Theory•Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocity)01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 5Triadic Reciprocity01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 6Major Features of Social Learning Theory•Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocity)•Emphasis on cognitive mediation01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 7Major Features of Social Learning Theory•Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocity)•Emphasis on cognitive mediation•Emphasis on capacity for self-directed change01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 8Major Features of Social Learning Theory•Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocity)•Emphasis on cognitive mediation•Emphasis on capacity for self-directed change•Emphasis on the role of observational learning01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 9Major Features of Social Learning Theory•Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocity)•Emphasis on cognitive mediation•Emphasis on capacity for self-directed change•Emphasis on the role of observational learning•Self-efficacy mechanism of change01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 10Things to Know about Self-Efficacy•Integrative theory of psychological change•Emphasizes importance of domain-specific perceptions of coping•Four major sources of self-efficacy influence–Enactive–Vicarious–Physiological–Persuasive•Emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal of self-efficacy information01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 11Self-Efficacy Determination01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 12Commonly Held Myths About Behavior Therapy•Behavior therapy is mechanistic and de-emphasizes the therapist-client relationship•Behavior therapy ignores subjective experience•Behavior therapy is a superficial form of treatment•Behavior therapy results in symptom substitution•Behavior therapy is suited for only a limited number of problems01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 13Common Characteristics of the Behavior Therapies•Adoption of science as the major vehicle for advancing knowledge about psychological dysfunction and its treatment•Emphasis on learning processes in both the acquisition and modification of most forms of abnormal behavior•Focuses on the current determinants of psychological dysfunction•Client’s presenting problem(s) are given serious attention and focus•Employs an action-oriented educational approach(e. g., skills)01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 14Common Characteristics of the Behavior Therapies Cont.•Specificity in defining, treating, and measuring target problems•Treatment outcome is evaluated in terms of the initial induction of change, its generalization to real life settings, and its maintenance over time•Close linkage between assessment and treatment•Provides a closer match between the goals of the client and the intervention and assessment practices of the clinician (directness)01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 15Common Characteristics of the Behavior Therapies Cont.•Extensive use of psychological assistants (e.g., parents, teachers, spouses)•Is broadly applicable to a full range of psychological disorders, medical, educational, and community problems•Has a self-corrective feature imposed by the scientific method01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 16Current Trends in Behavior Therapy Research•Development, testing, and dissemination of disorder-specific manualized treatments•Assessment of the clinical significance of treatments•Identification of treatment moderators •Study of continuation and maintenance strategies•Integration of therapy approaches•Study of change mechanisms•Greater emphasis on effectiveness research01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 17Discussion of Empirically-supported Treatments•What does it mean to to say that a treatment is empirically-supported?01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 18Criteria for an Empirically-Supported Treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998)1. Comparisons with a no-treatment control group, alternative treatment group, or placebo (a) in a RCT, controlled single-case experiment, or equivalent time series design and (b) in which the EST is significantly superior to no treatment, placebo, or alternative treatment or the EST is equivalent in efficacy to an established EST in a study with sufficient power to detect moderate differences.01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 19Criteria for an Empirically-Supported Treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998)2. These studies must have been conducted with (a) treatment manual or its logical equivalent; (b) a population, treated for specified problems, for whom inclusion criteria have been delineated in a reliable and valid manner; and (c) reliable and valid outcome assessments tapping the problems targeted for change; and (d) appropriate data analysis.01/14/19 Behavior Therapy 20Criteria for an Empirically-Supported Treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998)3. For a designation of
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