Figure 3. Average effect sizes of four studies comparing cognitive—behavioral therapy for social phobia with waiting list or supportive therapy. (*Weighted average by outcome measure. TX = treatment; Anx/Phob = anxiety/phobia; FNE = fear of negative evaluation; COG = cognitive.) Page 19 of 1910/8/2000http://spider.apa.org/ftdocs/ccp/1993/april/ccp612248.htmlTable 4. Figure 1. Average effect sizes (ESs) of five studies comparing cognitive—behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with waiting list, nondirective therapy, or pill placebo. (Pre-FU = pre-follow-up; TX = treatment; Pre-Post = pretest to posttest.) Figure 2. Average effect sizes of three studies comparing Beck-Emery/Clark-Salkovskis cognitive therapy for panic disorder with waiting list or supportive therapy and four studies comparing cognitive—behavioral therapy for panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia (AGOR) with waiting list or pill placebo. (*Weighted average by outcome measure. Cog = cognitive; TX = treatment; Comb = combined.) Page 18 of 1910/8/2000http://spider.apa.org/ftdocs/ccp/1993/april/ccp612248.htmlWilliams, S. L. & Rappoport, A. (1983). Cognitive treatment in the natural environment for agoraphobics. Behavior Therapy, 14, 299-313. Zung, W. W. K. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. 1 In two studies ( Barlow et al., 1984 ; Borkovec & Mathews, 1988 ), clients with panic disorder were included in the sample. These investigations have been retained for this article because in both cases there were no significant differences in treatment response for the generalized anxiety disorder versus panic disorder groups. 2 For a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder according to the DSM—III—R , symptoms must have persisted for 6 months; however, a duration of only 1 month was required under the DSM—III scheme. 3 CBT for anxiety disorders often includes some exposure in the form of behavioral experiments or probes for anxious cognitions, except when, for theoretical reasons, investigators exclude such interventions (e.g., Margraf & Schneider, 1991 ). Treatments we are calling combinations differ from CBT alone in the extent to which exposure was provided or assigned by the therapist as an important treatment component in its own right and in the systematic manner in which exposure was performed. Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. 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(Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC) Michelson, L., Marchione, K., Greenwald, M., Glanz, L., Testa, S. & Marchione, N. (1990). Panic disorder: Cognitive-behavioral treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 141-152. Michelson, L., Mavissakalian, M. & Marchione, K. (1988). Cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological treatments of agoraphobia: A comparative outcome investigation. Behavior Therapy, 19, 97-120. Michelson, L., Schwartz, R. M. & Marchione, K. E. (1992). States-of-Mind model: Cognitive balance in the treatment of agoraphobia–II. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 193-213. Newman, C. F., Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T. & Tran, G. Q. (1990, November). Efficacy of cognitive therapy in reducing panic attacks and medication. (Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, San Francisco) Norcross, J. C. & Prochaska, J. O. (1982). 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