9 5 2013 ATP This is the preferred source of chemical energy for cells We make this primarily in our body with glucose o This is how we move it around our body o But when I get to the cell I have to make it to atp o Have a lot of storage of glycogen Lots of systems of checks and balances to make regulate glucose MADE IN THE MITOCHONDRIA CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP sets of reactions collectively these make up cellular respiration note two totally diff types of respiration breathing and this inside the cells the are linked because I have to have these products but are really totally different things o Three main series LOOK AT HAND WRITTEN NOTES FIGURE 3 46 IN BOOK Glycolysis Start with glucose 6C Then use 2 ATP Get 4 ATP net result 2 ATP 2 pyruvate linking step End with 2 pyruvate o 1 CO2 o 2 NADH 2 NADH make acetyl CoA 2C o break off a part of it Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorlation Going in o 6 O2 o 10 NADH o 2 FADH2 coming out o 34 ATP o 10 NAD o 2 FAD where are we gonna stop in these steps if we don t have oxygen o Oxidative phos If this stops 9 5 2013 Don t make NAD Don t have NAD Glycolysis stops o So if I don t have oxygen this way of making ATP stops o Some cells don t need oxygen to make ANEROBIC RESPIRATION Enzymes allow us to do one other step in this case take my pyruvate and convert it to lactate In this case I used energy NADH to make lactate and some more NAD Net of 2 ATP Used the pyruvate so I cant go to krebs and makes a lactic acid build up which causes system to shut down once I get oxygen I can remove this Aerobic respiration happens in all cells 38 ATP in the end Anaerobic is basically glycolysis 2 ATP o Primarily in skeletal muscle Is glucose the only way I can get energy Can use proteins and fats to make atp In addition I can use glucose to make proteins and to make fats Or vice versa These changes occur in the intermediates in the kreb cycle FIGURE 3 53 OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION fig 3 56 o Im gonna either make atp go to kreb cycle or I can make glucose o Online definition During oxidative deamination an amino acid is converted into the corresponding keto acid by the removal of the amine functional group as ammonia and the amine functional group is replaced by the ketone group The ammonia eventually goes into the urea cycle o Linking the removal group to adding a group o Amino acid and make atp o Amino acid water coenzyme keto acid ammonia super toxic Ammonia is made into to urea so the ammonia doesn t kill us Urea dead end in our body Keto acid can go into pyruvate or kreb cycle GLUCONEOGENISIS amino acid glucose TRANSAMINATION o Only time im gonna do this is if im gonna make a new amino acid so if I have a short supply o Online definition Transamination as the name implies refers to the transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another This 9 5 2013 reaction is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called transaminases Actually the transamination reaction results in the exchange of an amine group on one acid with a ketone group on another acid It is analogous to a double replacement reaction o cant do this with all amino acids don t have the enzymes o essential amino acids the ones that can do this so these I have to have in my diet Essential in the diet Which means I cant use transamination to make about half we can make so the other half we have to eat because the other organisms made them for us since we cant o All amino acids can make ATP but not all amino acids can make sugar glucose Go back and learn oxidative deamination gluconeogenisis and oxidative transamination his explanation sucked Fats into ATP glycerol Fat fatty acids fatty acids can have 20 22 24 28 carbons gotta get my fatty acid into something these enzymes can read use Beta oxidation were gonna take my fatty acid and cut it into 2 carbon o is allowing me to go from fatty acid to acetyl CoA o Getting atp from 2 places Cutting the 2 off And acetyl coa o Can go both ways So can go Acetyl CoA to fatty acid Ex eat a lot of protein can get fat o Online def The oxidative degradation of saturated fatty acids in which two carbon units are sequentially removed from the molecule with each turn of the cycle Then leads to