Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12THE KHRUSHCHEV ERATHE KHRUSHCHEV ERADE-STALINIZATION Effects of “Secret Speech” Could no longer hold political prisoners Uproar in international communist community Reverberations in Party• “anti-party” groupTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERADE-STALINIZATION 22nd Party Congress Khrushchev broadened attack to include colleagues Removal of Stalin’s body from mausoleumTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERACULTURAL “THAW”Greater freedom of expression for artists & intellectuals Some correction of historical falsification Some opening of society But retained censorship & control; socialist realismIlya Ehrenburg, The ThawTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAECONOMIC POLICIES Agricultural Reforms Abolished “Machine Tractor Stations” Tried to consolidate farms into large kolkhozes Raised prices on food products, lowered taxesTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAECONOMIC POLICIES Agricultural Reforms “Virgin Lands Program” Emphasized growing of corn Increased investment in fertilizer & machineryTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAECONOMIC POLICIES Industrial Reforms Biggest problem = overcentralization Eliminated central economic ministries• replaced with SOVNARKHOZYTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAFOREIGN POLICY Adopted policy of “PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE” But continued expansion of Soviet influenceTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAFOREIGN POLICY Problems in Eastern Europe De-Stalinization led to revolt in Poland & Hungary Forced to build Berlin Wall to stop mass exodus to WestSoviet invasion of Hungary, 1956THE KHRUSHCHEV ERAFOREIGN POLICY Problems with China Mao wanted military aid against Taiwan Also wanted nukes Khrushchev refuses – led to Sino-Soviet splitTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERAFOREIGN POLICY Problems over Cuba 1959: Fidel Castro stages communist take-over 1961: U.S. tried failed coup: Bay of Pigs Khrushchev tries to put nukes in Cuba Kennedy blockades Soviet ships, Khrushchev forced to back downTHE KHRUSHCHEV ERADECLINE AND FALL The Three “Cs”: Corn, China, Cuba Denounced for “hair-brained schemes, half-baked conclusions, bragging & bluster” Deposed Oct. 1964 But reforms set stage for Gorbachev & perestroika5-story