Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7THE SOVIET NATIONALITIESTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESSTALIN’S NATIONALITIES POLICY Central control over nationalities Stalin Constitution, 1936, granted rights on paper But Stalin’s actions actually limited national autonomy Sblizhenie: drawing nationalities closer together – but under Russian domination USSR – Socialist Fatherland of Laborers of All NationsTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESSTALIN’S NATIONALITIES POLICY Entire nationalities targeted as enemies of state Included deportations of entire groups Exploited Russian nationalism (chauvinism) Portrayed Soviet Union as heir to Russian EmpireTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESNATIONALITIES POLICY UNDER KHRUSHCHEV Harshest policies toward nationalities ended But policy of integration continued: SLIIANIE - fusion De-emphasized Russians’ leading role Toleration of national revival But increasing Russian settlement in national regionsTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESNATIONALITIES POLICY UNDER BREZHNEV Integration of nationalities not really being accomplished Russian population declining, Muslim & Asian peoples increasing Attempts to use Russian language to achieve integration not successfulTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESNATIONALITIES POLICY UNDER BREZHNEV Russians dominated in high levels of Soviet system & Party Led to rise of national dissent movements• Demanded national rights within context of human rights Brezhnev dropped emphasis on sliianie – but continued to insist on sblizhenieTHE SOVIET NATIONALITIESNATIONALITIES UNDER GORBACHEV Greater expression of desire for autonomy & even independence• Movement spearheaded by Baltic republics Ethnic unrest in Caucasus & Central Asia Russian predominance continued to decline – now 50% Increasing tendency on part of nationalities to assert rights, rejection of federated
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