HISTORY 138: HISTORY OF THE SOVIET UNIONSPRING 2006FINAL EXAMPLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS AND THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU PROCEED.1. THIS EXAM CONSISTS OF THREE SEPARATE PARTS. YOU MUST ANSWER ONE QUESTION IN EACH SECTION IN A CLEAR, CONCISE, WELL-ORGANIZED ESSAY.2. YOUR EXAM MUST BE TYPED AND DOUBLE-SPACED AND ALL PAGES SHOULD BE NUMBERED AND STAPLED TOGETHER.3. MAKE SURE TO PROOFREAD YOUR WORK BEFORE YOU HAND IT IN (RUNNING IT THROUGH THE SPELL-CHECKER ON YOUR WORD PROCESSOR IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED, BUT IT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE PROOFREADING).4. THERE ARE NO MINIMUM PAGE RESTRICTIONS, BUT YOU MUST ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AS THOROUGHLY AS YOU CAN (WHICH WILL PROBABLY MEAN NO LESS THAN ABOUT 3 PAGES). ALL TOGETHER, YOUR ESSAYS FOR THE THREE QUESTIONS SHOULD NOT EXCEED TEN PAGES.5. YOU SHOULD USE ALL MATERIALS ASSIGNED AND PRESENTED IN THIS COURSE, THE MACKENZIE AND CURRAN TEXT, THE SUNY BOOK, THE E-RESERVE READINGS, THE LECTURES, AND ANY AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL SHOWN IN CLASS, TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.7. BE SURE TO PROPERLY CITE YOUR SOURCES (YOU CAN USE THE SHORT FORMAT OF THE PAPERS - AUTHOR, TITLE OF WORK, PAGE NUMBER, BUT MUST PROVIDE FULL BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES IF YOU USE OUTSIDE SOURCES)8. EXAMS WILL BE DUE IN MY OFFICE (303 WHEELER HOUSE) ON MONDAY, MAY 8, 2005. NO EXAMS WILL BE ACCEPTED AFTER 4:30 PM ON THAT DATE.PART I:1. World War II was a devastating conflict that cost the Soviet Union millions of lives, both at the front and at home. Discuss the various effects of the war on the Soviet Union, in terms of social issues and policies, economics, politics, and international relations.2. The Cold War is often considered to be the defining feature of the second half of the 20th century. What were the origins of this conflict between the Soviet Union and the West? How didthe policies and actions of the Soviet leadership contribute to increasing or reducing tensions between the superpowers throughout the course of the Cold War?PART II:3. When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the mid-1980s, he set out to completely reform the Soviet Union in order to infuse new life into the stagnating system he inherited. What particular kinds of changes did he undertake? Why, ultimately, was Gorbachev unable to revitalize Soviet communism and prevent the collapse of 1991?4. The Soviet Union was comprised of many different national and ethnic groups. How did the Soviet leadership approach the “nationalities question” and how did their policies toward the nationalities change over time? How were nationality issues often tied to religious issues? What was the ultimate impact of Soviet nationalities policies?PART III: 5. When the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917 they attempted to restructure Russian life in accordance with Marxist ideology in order to create a new socialist society. As part of this process, they embarked on an effort to change family life to reflect new socialist values. What were their aims and their methods in this process? How successful were they? How did the policies of the Soviet leadership change over time with regard to the family? How were roles and positions of family members affected by these efforts?6. Much attention has been focused on the problems and failures of the Soviet system. Yet there were numerous Soviet accomplishments as well, in international importance, industrial power, military might, and science, and culture. Discuss the positive achievements of the USSR, explain how they were possible, and assess their contributions to the