Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8COLLAPSE OF THE USSREFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS Reassessment of history Birth of civil society Effects went far beyond Gorbachev’s intentionsPamyat’ - MemoryCOLLAPSE OF THE USSR Freedom of discussion Freedom of publicationEFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS Youth Culture “Vanguard of the construction of communism” Activities directed through official youth organizations But other youth groups & influences existedCOLLAPSE OF THE USSREFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS Youth Culture Chief medium = rock music Similar trends of development as in WestCOLLAPSE OF THE USSR Neformalny (informal groups) Tusovky (youth gatherings) New view of youth as “lost generation”COLLAPSE OF THE USSREFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS Conservative Backlash Negative effects on economy Suspicion & resistance Insecurity among managers & Party officialsEFFECTS AND REACTIONS Fears & Concerns Ended job security Ended stable provision of material goods Upset black market Increasing deficit & looming inflationCOLLAPSE OF THE USSREFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS The Paradox of democratization Introduced plurality & terms limits at low-mid levels, but not at top Would not allow direct elections for presidency Alienated much of party & but had no popular support Led to rise of independence movements among non-Russian nationalitiesCOLLAPSE OF THE USSREFFECTS OF GORBACHEV’S REFORMS Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe New approach = non-interference Wanted reform of Stalinist regimes But whole system discredited Would not use force once revolutions beganCOLLAPSE OF THE
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