1I. Newton’s first law.II. Newton’s second law.III. Particular forces:-Gravitational- Weight- Normal - Friction- TensionIV. Newton’s third law.Chapter 5 – Force and Motion II. Newton’s first law: If no net force acts on a body, then the body’s velocitycannot change; the body cannot accelerate v = constant in magnitude and direction.- Principle of superposition: when two or more forces act on a body, the netforce can be obtained by adding the individual forces vectorially.Newton mechanics laws cannot be applied when:1) The speed of the interacting bodies are a fraction of the speed of light Einstein’s special theory of relativity.2) The interacting bodies are on the scale of the atomic structure Quantum mechanics- Inertial reference frame: where Newton’s laws hold.2II. Newton’s second law: The net force on a body is equal to the product of the body’s mass and its acceleration.)1.5(amFnet=)2.5(,,,,, zznetyynetxxnetmaFmaFmaF===- The acceleration component along a given axis is caused only by the sum of the force components along the same axis, and not by force componentsalong any other axis. - System: collection of bodies. - External force: any force on the bodies inside the system.III. Particular forces:-Gravitational: pull directed towards a second body, normally the Earth )3.5(gmFg=)4.5(mgW=- Weight: magnitude of the upward force needed to balance the gravitational force on the body due to an astronomical body )5.5(mgN =- Normal force: perpendicular force on a body from a surface against whichthe body presses.- Frictional force: force on a body when the body attempts to slide along a surface. It is parallel to the surface and opposite to the motion.-Tension: pull on a body directed away from thebody along a massless cord.3IV. Newton’s third law: When two bodies interact, the forces on the bodiesfrom each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.)6.5(CBBCFF−=QUESTIONSQ2. Two horizontal forces F1, F2 pull a banana split across a frictionless counter.Without using a calculator, determine which of the vectors in the free body diagram below best represent: a) F1, b)F2. What is the net force component along (c) the x-axis, (d) the y-axis? Into which quadrant do (e) the net-force vector and (f) thesplit’s acceleration vector point?jNiNFjNiNFˆ)2(ˆ)1(ˆ)4(ˆ)3(21−−=−=jNiNFFFnetˆ)6(ˆ)2(21−=+=Same quadrant, 4F1F2I. Frictional force-Kinetic: (fk) appears after a large enough external force is applied and the body loses its intimate contact with the surface, sliding along it.No motionAccelerationConstant velocityCounter force that appears when an external force tends to slide a body along a surface. It is directed parallel to the surface and opposite to the sliding motion.F(appliedforce)//Ffs−=-Static: (fs) compensates the applied force, the body does not move.4max,skff<)1.6(max,Nfssµ=)2.6(Nfkkµ=Friction coefficientsslidesbodyfFIfs→>max,//After the body starts sliding, fkdecreases.Q1. The figure below shows overhead views of four situations in which forces acton a block that lies on a frictionless floor. If the force magnitudes are chosenproperly, in which situation it is possible that the block is (a) stationary and(b) moving with constant velocity?ay≠0a=0ay≠0a=0FnetFnetQ5. In which situations does theobject acceleration have (a) an x-component, (b) a y component? (c) give the direction of a.5Q. A body suspended by a rope has a weigh of 75N. Is T equal to, greater than, or less than 75N when the body is moving downward at (a) increasing speed and (b) decreasing speed?Fg)( agmTamTFFgnet−=→=−=Movement(a) Increasing speed: vf>v0 a>0  T< Fg(b) Decreasing speed: vf< v0a<0  T> FgQ8. The figure below shows a train of four blocks being pulled across a frictionless floor by force F. What total mass is accelerated to the right by (a) F, (b) cord 3 (c) cord 1? (d) Rank the blocks according to their accelerations, greatest first. (e) Rank the cords according to their tension, greatest first.T1T2T3(a) F pulls mtotal= (10+3+5+2)kg = 20kg(b) Cord 3  T3 m=(10+3+5)kg = 18kg(c) Cord 1  T1 m= 10kg(d) F=ma  All tie, same acceleration(e) F-T3= 2aT3-T2= 5aT2-T1=3a T1=10aF-T3= 2a  F=18a+2a=20aT3-13a= 5a  T3=18aT2-10a=3a  T2=13aT1=10aQ. A toy box is on top of a heavier dog house, which sits on a wood floor. These objects are represented by dots at the corresponding heights, and six vertical vectors (not to scale) are shown. Which of the vectors best represents (a) the gravitational force on the dog house, (b) on the toy box, (c) the force on the toy box from the dog house, (d) the force on the dog house from the toy box, (e) force on the dog house from the floor, (f) the force on the floor from the dog house? (g) Which of the forces are equal in magnitude? Which are (h) greatest and (i) least in magnitude?(a) Fgon dog house: 4 or 5(c) Ftoyfrom dog house: 1(b) Fgon toy box: 2(d) Fdog-house from toy box: 4 or 5(e) Fdog-housefrom floor: 3(f) Ffloorfrom dog house: 6(g) Equal: 1=2, 1=5, 3=6(h) Greatest: 6,3(i) Smallest: 1,2,565. There are two forces on the 2 kg box in the overhead view of the figure below but only one is shown. The figure also shows the acceleration of the box. Find the second force (a) in unit-vector notation and as (b) magnitude and (c) direction.21333180333278.20tan27.382132)ˆ78.20ˆ32(78.20322012ˆ20)ˆ78.20ˆ12(/)ˆ39.10ˆ6(2/)ˆ39.10ˆ6(/)ˆ240sin12ˆ240cos12(2222222221222=+=−−==+=−−==−=−=→+=−=+=+=−−=−−==−−=+=orNFNjiFFNFNFNFNFFiFFFNjismjikgamFsmjismjiayTyxxTxTTθF2Rules to solve Dynamic problems- Select a reference system.- Make a drawing of the particle system.- Isolate the particles within the system.- Draw the forces that act on each of the isolated bodies.- Find the components of the forces present.- Apply Newton’s second law (F=ma) to each isolated particle.79. (a) A 11kg salami is supported by a cord that runs to a spring scale, which is supported by another cord from the ceiling. What is the reading on the scale, which is marked in weigh units? (b) Here the salami is supported by a cord that runs around a pulley and to a scale. The opposite end of the scale is attached by a cord to a wall. What is the reading on the scale?