CS140 Operating Systems and Systems Programming Final Exam March 24, 2006 Name: (please print)______________________________ In recognition of and in the spirit of the Stanford University Honor Code, I certify that I will neither give nor receive unpermitted aid on this exam. Signature:_______________________________________ This examination is closed notes and closed book. You may not collaborate in any manner on this exam. You have 180 minutes (3 hours) to complete the exam. Before starting, please check to make sure that you have all 14 pages. 1 12 2 13 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TotalCS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 2 of 14f (1) (14 points) In class we talked about the link count in the inode of the Unix file system being incorrect after a crash. The reference count can either be either too high or too low. (a) Which of these two conditions (high or low) is considered more serious? Justify your answer. (b) Describe the worst-case problem of the less serious of the two conditions.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 3 of 14f (2) (12 points) A recent CNN news headline reported a potential Internet denial of service attack that used “the Internet Traffic Cop” to launch the attack. The article itself refers to the Traffic Cop as the top-level Internet Domain Name Servers (DNS). The dictionary defines Traffic Cop as “a policeman who controls the flow of automobile traffic.” Do you think Traffic Cop is an appropriate metaphor of the DNS? Justify your answer.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 4 of 14f (3) (18 points) In order to safely run software in a virtual machine, a virtual machine monitor (VMM) must intercept modifications of privileged CPU state such as the interrupt disable flag. (a) Describe why this interception is necessary. (b) Describe why reads of this privilege state as well as writes need to be intercepted.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 5 of 14f (4) (20 points) The following are names given to several fields in the Internet protocol (IP) packet header. For each field describe its likely purpose: (a) Header checksum (b) Time to live (TTL) (c) IP fragment offset (d) ProtocolCS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 6 of 14f (5) (10 points) Why can an Ethernet get away with a flat address of 48bits while the Internet with a smaller 32bit address needed to go to a hierarchical organization?CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 7 of 14f (6) (10 points) What is meant by the trusted computing base (TCB) of a system? Give an example.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 8 of 14f (7) (12 points) One of the hassles of the web today is all the websites that require you to use a password to authenticate yourself. If you use the same password for every website then one bad website can access your other websites. Suppose you had the same password for every website but instead of directly using the password you compute a secure hash of the password concatenated with the website name to form the real password. In other words a website’s password would be set to SecureHash(password concat websiteName); Would this use of a secure hash prevent a bad website from gaining access to other websites? Justify your answer.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 9 of 14f (8) (12 points) Could a workload on a file system with write-ahead logging that used physical blocks ever use less log bandwidth that a similar file system that used logical logging? Justify your answer.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 10 of 14f (9) (20 points) For each of the following security attacks say if public key encryption can help prevent the attack. Be sure to justify your answer. (a) Abuse of valid privileges (b) Spoiler/Denial of Service attack (c) Listener or eavesdropper attack. (d) Trojan Horse (e) Buffer overflow attackCS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 11 of 14f (10) (16 points) Assume your Pintos file system needed to update a multiple sector long data structure on disk. (a) Describe how you might arrange to detect if your system failed in the middle of writing the data structure. (b) Describe how you might build your system to recover from such a failure.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 12 of 14f (11) (10 points) Describe which file system buffer cache write back policy you would suggest for a file system that employed write-ahead logging for both user data and metadata. Justify your policy.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 13 of 14f (12) (10 points) Assume your system uses SCAN or elevator algorithm as a disk-scheduling algorithm. How would you modify this algorithm if rather than having a single disk your storage device was a RAID-4.CS140 Final Winter 2006 Name____________________ Page 14 of 14f (13) (16 points) For each of the following file descriptor data structures, order them from the most to the least amount of space consumed when mapping a very large file. (I) Index files (II) Linked files (II) Extent base files. Repeat the ordering but this time for very small files (less than a disk sector in size). Be sure to justify your
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