Church is the most important institution in the Central middle agesEmphasize on sufferingTorture in MedievalOpening to the soulRedemptionMedieval moral sins = seven deadly sinsRequired reconciliation with the churchnext paper: due Nov 8thPopes and Papacy1. c. 450-1050 (review) 2. c. 1050-1100 Gregorian Reform 3. c. 1100-1215 Papal Monarchy 4. c. 1215-1300 Papacy Ascendant, but . . .Papacy and MonasteriesTwo main parts of religionSacred and secularWant to be spiritual but pulled backTimeline500s foundations: Benedict c.525; Gregory I c.60750 and 850: alliance pope and Charlemagne, monasteries800s and 900s crisisMonasteries: multiple waves of reformClony 950Cistercian c.1100Mendicant c.12001300s troublePapacyGregory reformPeak 1215 Innocent III1300 troublePopeHead of the churchGuide secular and clergy churchMonks and nunsMonasteryPopes and the PapacyThree things for papacySacred vs. SecularChurch and stategrowth of papal monarchy 1050-1300 (tax, justice, council)c.450-1050 (review) Foundationbishop of Romehow claim the authority?five top dogs, after division leaves only RomeSecessiondescend from Jesus to Peter to current popeLeo ILocal leaderGregory IWrote pastoral guide for bishopsConvert the LombardySend missionaries to elsewherePapal Carolingian Alliance, c.750-850Charlemagne against LombardyPopes gaveLegitimated the de facto power of early Carolingians (Pepin the Short)Leo III crowned Charlemagne in the 800Popes getSupport vs. LombardyDonation of PepinConstantine 325 legitimize Xianity (forged but effective)Leave Rome to Constanipole“Made in Rome” coronation powersThough time, c. 850-1050(Rome only have local control in central Italy)Very limited control over ChurchVery limited over moral authorityJohn the XIIAppointed in the age of 18C.950Lack of moralMyth of Pope Joan c. 1200sC.1050-1125, Gregorian reformImportant PopesLeo IX, 1049-54Gregory VII, c.1073-85Urban II, 1088-99Solve the problemLimited moral authorityCelibacy forced 1125Custom became lawEnd simonyStop the selling of church positionPreach crusadeLimited control over the churchCouncils 1125, legatesThings to do when the council gathers, and guidedRegular selection of popes 1059Papal election decree 1059Cardinals vote on the election in private assemblyStop “lay investiture” 1122Control selection of bishops and anyone else (discussion; Gregory VII, Henry IV)Argument over power of appointmentDeals with symbolic actsThe ring as bishopStaffE.g. 1077 Women in northern Italy, Matilda of TuscanyC.1125-1215 (4th L, Papal MonarchyPower through canon law and lawyer (imitate French and England)Canon law=church law (from bible or bishops etc.)Gratian’s Decretum c.1150 or Concordance of Discordant CanonsHarmonize the ideas and made a lawPower through better bureaucracyPapal Curie (best court b/c church offers education)University c. 1200, Bologium in Paris, Oxford, CambrigeMight -> right to Write -> rightPower through territoryConsolidate central ItalyMatilda of TuscanyOther factorsSecular and moral leaderPower through governanceAssemblies4th Lateran Councilseven sacramentsparish priest gives sermon4 sermonsconfess once a yearmonastery orderordealjurisdiction divisionInnocent III, r. 1198-1216Great moral leaderGreat administratorInfluenced politics in EuropeMade English king his vassalDecided who shall governHIST 102Bennett, Judith2012 FallWeek 8Lecture 16October 18Announcements-Church is the most important institution in the Central middle ages-Emphasize on sufferingo Torture in Medieval o Opening to the soulo Redemption-Medieval moral sins = seven deadly sinso Required reconciliation with the church-next paper: due Nov 8thOutline of Last Lecture I. CHRISTIANITY AND CHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS, c. 1000-1300a. --The Churchb. --The Faithc. --Popes and the Papacyd. --Monks and Nunse. --Discussion Sections on the Investiture ControversyOutline of Today’s Lecture - Popes and Papacy1. c. 450-1050 (review)2. c. 1050-1100 Gregorian Reform3. c. 1100-1215 Papal Monarchy4. c. 1215-1300 Papacy Ascendant, but . . .- Monks and nunsToday’s LecturePapacy and Monasteries- Two main parts of religion- Sacred and secularThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Want to be spiritual but pulled backo Timeline 500s foundations: Benedict c.525; Gregory I c.60 750 and 850: alliance pope and Charlemagne, monasteries 800s and 900s crisis Monasteries: multiple waves of reform Clony 950 Cistercian c.1100 Mendicant c.1200 1300s trouble Papacy Gregory reform Peak 1215 Innocent III 1300 trouble- Popeo Head of the churcho Guide secular and clergy church- Monks and nunso Monastery← Popes and the Papacy- Three things for papacyo Sacred vs. Secularo Church and stateo growth of papal monarchy 1050-1300 (tax, justice, council)- c.450-1050 (review) Foundationo bishop of Rome how claim the authority? five top dogs, after division leaves only Rome Secession- descend from Jesus to Peter to current pope- Leo Io Local leader- Gregory Io Wrote pastoral guide for bishopso Convert the Lombardyo Send missionaries to elsewhere- Papal Carolingian Alliance, c.750-850o Charlemagne against Lombardyo Popes gave Legitimated the de facto power of early Carolingians (Pepin the Short) Leo III crowned Charlemagne in the 800o Popes get Support vs. Lombardy Donation of Pepin Constantine 325 legitimize Xianity (forged but effective) Leave Rome to Constanipole “Made in Rome” coronation powers- Though time, c. 850-1050(Rome only have local control in central Italy)o Very limited control over Churcho Very limited over moral authority John the XII Appointed in the age of 18 C.950 Lack of moral Myth of Pope Joan c. 1200s- C.1050-1125, Gregorian reformo Important Popes Leo IX, 1049-54 Gregory VII, c.1073-85 Urban II, 1088-99o Solve the problem Limited moral authority Celibacy forced 1125- Custom became law End simony- Stop the selling of church position Preach crusade Limited control over the church Councils 1125, legates- Things to do when the council gathers, and guided Regular selection of popes 1059- Papal election decree 1059- Cardinals vote on the election in private assembly Stop “lay investiture” 1122- Control selection of bishops and anyone else (discussion; Gregory VII, Henry IV)- Argument over