The emerge of feudal states: France and England (first centralized state emerged)Bureaucracy; territory; Justice; national assembliesFrench KingPhilip Augustus (r. 1180-1223)territorial expansionaround Parisadministrative innovationsNew bureaucracyBailiffsi.e. Micci DominiSt. Louis (r. 1226-1270)territorial expansionSouthern Franceadministration of justiceRoyal power of justiceempoweredaura of sanctityPhilip IV “the fair” (r. 1285-1314)Territorial ExpansionAnnexing ChampagneConvened estate generalFirst national assemblesPowerful to act against PopeRome to elsewhereEnglish KingStrong Anglo-Saxon foundationsStory of conquestWilliam the conqueror, 1066Introduced feudalism with central power adjustmentEngland is his fiefEveryone belongs to himDispersed the given land (no regional power)Certain things lords cannot doTaxes, making coinsContinued Normandy -> England France and EnglandHenry IIadministration of justiceEnglish LawAngevin empireKingship through his mother, more lands in FranceRoyal justice to normal peopleLots of kidsJohn lost all French landEdward I (r. 1272-1307)development of parliamentannexation of Wales . . . and ScotlandHated by the Scottish1314 the battle of Bannockburnlost by his sonbureaucracyA new Feudal CultureFeudalism changing: lord-vassal still important but increasing decentralization, and king in power -> more cultivated vassalsChivalry and Courtly loveNew courtly dutiesLoyal and fight wellProwess on the battle fieldLoyaltyLargessCourtesy (good conversation, well-behaved)Franchise (free man and frank)Piety (religious ritual)Verse exampleWarrior vs. NowNew courtly cultureNew rule of heterosexual love “courtly Love”Woman are central to the way knight sees himselfEarly Medieval: Love -> sickness (from ancient world)Noble and better, strengthen knightsBest lovers not sexuallyNot for marriageLord-vassal relationshipMaintaining fiefsLyrics of troubadoursArthur, knight Lancelot and his lover“courtly love” made up wordArabic influenceOvid c.15CEFeudal cultureKnight’s upward mobility stoppedEntertainmentAdmiring lords’ wifeSome rulesC.900+ always vassals, always lords, always kings, but…Medieval Thinking on Gender, and Woman(Binary in some sense for medieval, inequality)What science taughtMost on writing of Aristotle 300bce, Galen 175ceShared culture across three religions: Jews, Xian, and Muslims1st Aristotle: Women are mistakes2nd Medieval version of human body works, humoral theorylinked to natural (quadrants, elements, cosmos)fours humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile (color), black bile (melan) -> balanceMan more hot and dry, women more moist and coldOne-sex bodyRelated to AristotleConception theoriesAristotle: Men provide seedsGalen: both provide seeds (both orgasm-> English law)What Christianity taughtStrong influence of celibacy, chaste and female virginity, somewhat degradation of marriageViragoes: virgins like manEve (sins carried on) and Mary (pure and paid back)Clergy more valued celibacy in the 1100sWomen as devil’s gatewayAttacks on Women: Misogyny and MisogamyDefenses of WomenHIST 102Bennett, Judith2012 FallWeek 6Lecture 12October 4Announcements- Order and Stability vs. Freedom?Outline of Last Lecture I. Feudalism, Take 2a. Origins, c. 700-900 in West Francia (review)b. The Age for Feudal Lordship, c. 900-1100c. “Those Who Fight” in a Tripartite Societyd. The Age of Feudal Kings, c. 1100+Outline of Today’s Lecture II. The Age of Feudal Kings, c. 1100+a. Feudal states: France and Englandb. A new feudal cultureIII. Medieval Thinking on Gender, and Womena. What Science Taughtb. What Christianity Taughtc. Attacks on Women: Misogyny and Misogamyd. Defenses of WomenToday’s Lecture The emerge of feudal states: France and England (first centralized state emerged) Bureaucracy; territory; Justice; national assemblies- French Kingo Philip Augustus (r. 1180-1223) territorial expansion around ParisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. administrative innovations New bureaucracy- Bailiffso i.e. Micci Dominio St. Louis (r. 1226-1270) territorial expansion  Southern France administration of justice  Royal power of justice- empowered aura of sanctityo Philip IV “the fair” (r. 1285-1314) Territorial Expansion Annexing Champagne Convened estate general First national assembleso Powerful to act against Pope Rome to elsewhere- English Kingo Strong Anglo-Saxon foundationso Story of conquest William the conqueror, 1066 Introduced feudalism with central power adjustment- England is his fief- Everyone belongs to him- Dispersed the given land (no regional power)- Certain things lords cannot doo Taxes, making coins Continued Normandy -> England France and England Henry II administration of justice - English Law Angevin empire- Kingship through his mother, more lands in France- Royal justice to normal people- Lots of kidso John lost all French land Edward I (r. 1272-1307) development of parliament annexation of Wales . . . and Scotland - Hated by the Scottish- 1314 the battle of Bannockburno lost by his son bureaucracy A new Feudal Culture Feudalism changing: lord-vassal still important but increasing decentralization, and king in power -> more cultivated vassals- Chivalry and Courtly loveo New courtly dutieso Loyal and fight well Prowess on the battle field Loyalty Largess Courtesy (good conversation, well-behaved) Franchise (free man and frank) Piety (religious ritual) Verse example- Warrior vs. Nowo New courtly cultureo New rule of heterosexual love “courtly Love” Woman are central to the way knight sees himself Early Medieval: Love -> sickness (from ancient world) Noble and better, strengthen knights Best lovers not sexually Not for marriage- Lord-vassal relationship- Maintaining fiefs Lyrics of troubadours Arthur, knight Lancelot and his lover “courtly love” made up word Arabic influence Ovid c.15CE Feudal culture- Knight’s upward mobility stoppedo Entertainmento Admiring lords’ wife Some ruleso C.900+ always vassals, always lords, always kings, but… Medieval Thinking on Gender, and Woman(Binary in some sense for medieval, inequality)- What science taughto Most on writing of Aristotle 300bce, Galen 175ce Shared culture across