Essay:Anything that shows why hierarchy was good (great for those on top)Could explore both good and badWe think everyone is born equally, but professor wants us to think about why hierarchy could be goodUse evidence from ALL 3: Beowulf, Roland, St. Ben. Don’t need to use them all equally. Also use lecture notes and textbook. Cite everything- refer to handoutFirst, look through lecture notes and textbook for references to hierarchyThen, go through the books, and list evidence about hierarchyDon’t use outside researchUse the oxford English dictionary on databasesTemplateIntroduction- warm up (Start reader smiling); introduce subject; state thesisPreliminaries- put whatever you need to set scene, define terms, clarify coverage/set perimeters; give background, etc.Acknowledge and defang counter-argumentsProof 1, 2, 3Conclusion- Sum up and go beyond: leave reader smilingI. Introduction. Warm up (Start reader smiling); introduce subject; state thesisA. Thesis: The great man theory of history still works sometimes, and Charlemagne proves itII. Preliminaries- put whatever you need to set scene, define terms, clarify coverage/set perimeters; give background, etc.A. What is the Great Man Theory?1) Great men make history happena. Thomas Jefferson- Declarationb. Franklin Roosevelt- Recover from Great Depressionc. St. Paul- Christianity2) Flaws in great man theory?a. Doesn’t matter if ordinary people are important, great men are importantb. Not Sexist, Man is just used as a general personJoan of ArcElizabeth Tutor (I)B. Charlemagne1) Was called Charles, later called Charles the Greata. Recognized historically by the name Charlemagneb. Dynasty that extends 50 years (at least!) in either direction is given his nameIII. Acknowledge and defang counter-arguments (proves that you’re very knowledgeable)A. Acknowledge1) Lucky in his weathera. Little bit warmer and drier (proven by Greenland ice cores)2) Lucky in his progenitorsa. Had a great father, grandfather, and great-grandfather3) Lucky in his timinga. No invasions that he had to fight off (major ones)b. Popes needed an ally (no competition for power from the Roman pope since they lost their former ally in the Byzantine Empire4) Lucky in his advisorsa. Had a whole host of intellectuals and helped him formulate/execute his policiesB. Defang1) Had to struggle to put the Anglo-Saxons under control (30 years)a. Not just luck to do that; had to persevere2) Some circumstances seem lucky, but Charlemagne is clever/cunning in his dealings with the Pope3) Even more clever, his brother died at the perfect time… how convenient4) Luck doesn’t negate greatness regardlessa. Have to take advantage of your luck and run with itIV. Proof of Thesis 1: Charlemagne’s conquests are one proof of his extraordinary personal greatnessA. Every summer, Charles met with his lords and vassals, and decided where to fight and send armies1) In the process, Charles created defensible boundaries for his large empire2) Created the Spanish Marsh as a buffer zone as protection against people on his southwest boundarya. Did the same thing in Italy3) Elbe River: defense against Anglo-Saxons4) Inherited a lot, yes, but then expanded his empire to natural boundaries or buffer zonesa. Very defensible empire5) Did things that the Roman never managed to do6) Saxons: 773-804 (defensive boundary at the Elbe)V. Proof of Thesis 2: Charlemagne’s governance is another proof io his extraordinary greatnessA. Recognized that his vassals needed to govern their own territories1) Worked with him (get war booty)2) Worked with the local government, making them happy to work with himB. Innovation1) Capitularies: laws and regulations that missi dominici follow2) Missi dominici: secular man and a holy man were his agents in the locality. Messengers of the lord. Had a great deal of freedomVI. Proof of Thesis 3: Charlemagne’s reforms of education and religion are a final proof of his extraordinary personal greatnessA. Education1) Alquoin (732-804): was critical to instituting reforms2) Many leading educational advances were made during this timea. Copied down manuscripts during his time3) Made a more accessible script (font)4) Libraries made huge advancesB. Religion1) Builds on his grandfather, and his son continues after hima. New and better version of the Benedictine ruleb. Made a system of parish, and parish priests, with bishops looking over them- better care of the ordinary peopleVII. Conclusion. Sum up and go beyond: leave reader smilingA. No matter what his circumstances were (lucky) he made huge changes, made Carolingian empire, and Carolingian RenaissanceB. New fact: As soon as he dies, everything goes to hell. Son faces invadersC. Contemporary zinger: We’re going to need a great man to solve our national debtEssay:- Anything that shows why hierarchy was good (great for those on top)- Could explore both good and bad- We think everyone is born equally, but professor wants us to think about why hierarchy could be good- Use evidence from ALL 3: Beowulf, Roland, St. Ben. Don’t need to use them all equally. Also use lecture notes and textbook. Cite everything- refer to handout- First, look through lecture notes and textbook for references to hierarchyo Then, go through the books, and list evidence about hierarchy Don’t use outside research- Use the oxford English dictionary on databases- Templateo Introduction- warm up (Start reader smiling); introduce subject; state thesiso Preliminaries- put whatever you need to set scene, define terms, clarify coverage/set perimeters; give background, etc.o Acknowledge and defang counter-argumentso Proof 1, 2, 3o Conclusion- Sum up and go beyond: leave reader smilingI. Introduction. Warm up (Start reader smiling); introduce subject; state thesisA. Thesis: The great man theory of history still works sometimes, and Charlemagne proves itII. Preliminaries- put whatever you need to set scene, define terms, clarify coverage/set perimeters; give background, etc.A. What is the Great Man Theory?1) Great men make history happena. Thomas Jefferson- Declarationb. Franklin Roosevelt- Recover from Great Depressionc. St. Paul- Christianity2) Flaws in great man theory?a. Doesn’t matter if ordinary people are important, great menare importantb. Not Sexist, Man is just used as a general person- Joan of Arc- Elizabeth Tutor (I)B. Charlemagne1) Was called Charles, later called Charles the Greata. Recognized historically by the name