HIST 102gmJudith Bennet2012 FallWeek 2Lecture 1September 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Medieval in ContextII. Rome after RomeOutline of Today’s Lecture I. Medieval in Context: Social Structure.II. How to read a textbook.III. Early Christianity.a. Establishment to c. 400b. Consolidation, c. 400-600Today’s LectureMedieval in Context- Social Structureo àhierarchy àoratores: those who pray àbellatores: those who fight àlaboratores: those who worko àmutualityo àexclusionHow to read textbook- read Context- establish a Timeline- Structureo Introo MeatThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Conclusion- Read by sections- Notice things that appear multiple timesEarly Christianity- Establishment to c. 400o Jesus, c. 4 BCE-30 CE  Inner religious peace counter with Roman tradition Was a trouble in both society (Jews tradition) Preacher Ascetic, self-denial Apocalyptic God and man until crucifiedo Paul, c. 5 BCE-67 CE Apocalyptic may not happen tomorrow- Organize churches to structureo Letter to townsman- Open Christianity to non-Jews, giving it staying powero Gentileso in the time of Pliny and Trajan, c. 100 CE letter of Paul, only in small cities Christianity is the only divinity, expect for Judaism (Exclusivity troubled Roman)o “terribly terrific” third century 200 1% ChristianityPolitical, military and economics disaster for Roman Empire 300 10% Christianity Reason- Other-worldly religiono The other world matters- More theologically sophisticated- Broad social appealo Gentiles Persecutions- E.g. St. Sebastian, St. Agatha o security & triumph in the fourth century 300s huge persecutions- Diocletian, 300-313 toleration:- Constantine, 313: made Christianity legal official:- Theodosius, c. 390 Timeline- 313 Pagan and 10% Christianity- 390 Pagan taken over, 90% Christianity- Consolidation, c. 400-600o theologically disputes:- Man and/or God- Priesthood- The good Christian lifeo Celibateo St. Augustine: good of marriage- Bless of Virgin Mary àThe Latin Doctors, a.k.a. “Fathers of the Church”St Ambrose, c. 339-397St Jerome, c. 340-420St Augustine, 354-430 àChurch Councils solve disputationsNicaea, 325 Creed -> Orthodoxy -> heresy Dispute in East and West Christianity and other divisiono Organizationally Local Organization: laityàchurchesàpriestsàbishops Centralization (Papacy)Peter (d. 64 CE)Leo I (r. 440-461)Gregory I (r. 590-604) 5 patriarch of churches -> 5 bishops, Peter stays in Romeo classically Boethius, c. 480-524- Translate texts to Latino The Philosophy of Consolidationo He is Neoplatolism + Christianity Cassiodorus, c. 490-583- wrote On Divine and Human Readingsc. 4 BCE Birth of Jesus Pliny and Trajan Terribly terrific c.600CE Pontificate of Gregory