AHIS 120g 1st Edition Lecture 6 Current Lecture- Palace of Knossoso Rediscovery of ancient Greek culture at the beginning of the 20th century.Reconstructions carried the style of architecture of the century. o Recent renaming: from “palace” to complex. Its function and purpose of thecomplex is still unknown. o Minoan columns: large on top, tapered on the base. - Mycenaean cultureo Heavily fortified, militaristic society. Conveyed by their use of megaliths.Archaic period: Temple of Hera I (c. 550 BCE)- One of the oldest and best-preserved Doric Archaic temples located in the southernItalian polis Paestum. - Temple dedicated to Hera, wife of Zeus. - Visually low and sprawling with nine columns across the front and rear.o Enneastyle. - Column shafts are not straight from bottom to top.o About a third of the way up, they bulge outward slightly, receding again at abouttwo-thirds of their height.o This swelling effect is known as entasis. o Sense of proportion is gone. o It gives the impression that the columns bulge with the strain of supporting thesuperstructure and that the slender tops, aided by capitals, can barely withstandthe crushing weight.o This technique is also seen in the monoliths of Stonehenge. The Classical Age- Battles between Persians and the Greeks were monumental to ancient Greek history.o The end of the Persian Wars to the death of Alexander the Great in the late 4thcentury BCE is known as the Classical Age. o During this time, architects and sculptors sought visual harmony in proportionalsystems, and artists achieved a heightened naturalism in depicting the humanform. - Pericles: the most influential political leader of its day came to the forefront of Athenianpublic life in the mid-fifth century BCE.o Avid patron of the arts, he focused much of his attention on beautifying the city’shighest point—the Acropolis. - The Acropolis (c. 400 BCE)o The principal centers of Athenian public life were the agora and the Acropolis. o Symbolic effervescence of Athenian culture. o Constructed defense mechanisms—although these failed and collapsed. o Four structures: the Parthenon, Athena Nike, Erechtheion, Propylaea. - Parthenon (c. 447-438 BCE)o The dominant temple on the Acropolis. o Viewed as the perfect embodiment of the Classical Doric style.  However, it has a continuous Ionic style frieze of about 525 feet long.o It occupies a prominent site on the southern flank of the Acropolis.  Here it dominates the city and the countryside. o Accounts by Greek historian Plutarch indicates that architects Iktinos andKallikrates oversaw its construction between 447 and 432 BCE.o All its parts integrate fully with one another.o Featured an octastyle (eight-column) arrangement of its narrow ends. This was unusually wide, offering a generous embrace and enough spacefor an arrangement of a U-shaped colonnade in the cella and anenormous statue of Athena by Pheidias.  Athena Parthenos personified Victory, and was made of ivory and gold.o Appears less massive, despite its greater size due to a lightening and anadjustment of proportions since the Archaic period. Columns are slender, their tapering and entasis less pronounced, and thecapitals are smaller and less flaring. o Photographs reveal the Parthenon to play optical illusions. For example, there is an existing curvature of the