AHIS 120g 1st Edition Lecture 22Current Lecture- Old Masters of the High Renaissance (1500-1525) according to Vasario Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)o Michelangelo (1475-1564)o Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520)o Donato Bramante (1444-1514)- Excluded from the canon: Sofonisba Anguissola.- Vasari’s Theory of Artistic Progress:o The revival of great art occurring in the Renaissance.o Saw the Middle Ages as a period of great decline.o The Classical period was a time of ideal beauty and ought to be emulated by theRenaissance. o Three stages of art: infancy (Giotto), youth (Vasaccio), maturity of great art (Raphaeland his contemporaries).- Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci (1495-98)o Leonardo’s skill at creating illusions and his experimental approach is apparent.o Commissioned by Duke Ludovico to decorate the refectory of the Dominicanmonastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie.o Dissatisfied with the limitations of the traditional fresco technique, Leonardoexperimented with an oil-tempera medium on dry plaster that did not adhere well tothe wall in the humidity of Milan.o Leonardo creates a spatial setting that seems like an annex to the real interior of theroom, though deeper and more atmospheric than a fresco. o The central vanishing point of the perspective system is located behind the head ofJesus in the exact middle, granting it symbolic meaning. The wall opening behind Jesus acts as the equivalent of a halo.  Natural light frames Jesus.  All elements of the picture—light, composition, colors, setting—focusattention on Jesus. o Each apostle reveals his own personality and his own relationship with Jesus.  Peter grabs a knife; John is lost in thought; Judas recoils from Jesus into theshadow. - Mona Lisa, da Vinci (1503)o Identified by Vasari as Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. o Three-quarter poses against landscape.o Simplicity in garments; without the jewels and brocades that adorned most brides,to concentrate on their features. o The composition forms a stable pyramid.o Leonardo renders subtle movement of light washing over her figure to drawattention to her features.o Having mastered the oil technique, he builds the forms from layers of glazes so thinthat the panel appears to glow with a gentle light from within.o An evocative landscape; whose mountainous elements emerge from a cool sfumatobackdrop, while the rivers and bridges winding through it echo the highlights on herdrapery.- Bramante in Romeo Bramante became skilled at rendering architectural settings in current perspective.o Tempietto (1502) Spanish rulers commissioned Bramante to build a structure to mark thesupposed site of St. Peter’s crucifixion—a little temple.  Bramante intended to surround the Tempietto by a circular, colonnadedcourtyard that would entirely respond to the structure.  The colonnade itself dictates the courtyard’s colonnade, and the walls of thecourtyard open in concave niches that echo the façade of the chapel.The façade, with its three-step platform and use of the plain Tuscan Doric order, recalls Romantemple architecture more directly than 15th century