IB 201 Spring 2005 Exam 2 75 points total 12 April 2005 Name Lab Section TA Part I In the following numbered questions select from possible answers given by the letters Fill in the blanks in the questions below with the letter representing the correct response Not all answers are necessarily used AND some answers might be used more than once 2 points for each each blank for a total of 40 points a b c d e f g h i j k l m Alfred Russell Wallace allopatric amino acids Archaea autapomorphy Bacteria carbohydrates and proteins Carl Woese Charles Darwin convergent D and L amino acids parapatric deoxyribo n o p q r s t u v w x y z Ernst Mayr Eucarya fossil homologous peripatric Peter and Rosemary Grant phylogenies plesiomorphy proteins ribo synapomorphy sympatric vestigial 1 a a school teacher and collector was obscured by i a wealthy landowner of independent means after their back to back presentations of the mechanism of evolution by natural selection 2 In the 1800s a studied evolution on islands and emphasized the role of geographic isolation in the process of speciation 3 Indirect evidence for the fact of evolution on Earth is recorded in p deposits and in z organs of animals 4 Evidence of evolution by natural selection or change over time in the mean of a variable phenotypic trait within a population has been documented by direct observation of living populations An excellent example of this over the last 30 years is the work on the Galapagos finches by s 5 t indicate the pattern of the history of life and with the appropriate data they can provide evidence of life s genealogy 6 Both morphology and DNA reflect past events and historical relationship through the study of q characters 1 7 When a parent population becomes subdivided into two populations due to separation by a geographic barrier this can lead to speciation known as b speciation 8 A new species may form by r speciation when a colonist or small founder group leaves the parent population and remains separated for long enough to become reproductively isolated 9 As a graduate student Stanley Miller discovered that he could create c in the laboratory 10 If ribozymes were the first self replicating molecules then w nucleic acid preceded m nucleic acid as the important molecule in the earliest stages of the origin of life 11 One of the big questions in evolutionary biology is Is there life beyond our own Earth The presence of equal ratios of k in meteorites found in Australia and elsewhere is presented as evidence in support of the argument that life exists beyond Earth 12 Using 18S small subunit rRNA h and several close colleagues hypothesized the revolutionary view that the Archaea are most closely related to the o 13 If you consider no flight to be the ancestral plesiomorphic state for the whole group below the character state flight would then be a x for the whole group Penguin Pigeon Robin Crocodile no flight flight no flight 14 If you restrict the group to include only penguins pigeons and robins the character state flight becomes a u for that group of three 3 points 15 Similarities between A and B or between C and D are considered to be q A B C D 16 Similarity between A and C would be j similarity 2 Part II Use bubble form to record your answers a e for each question in this part of the exam Each question is worth 2 points for a total of 35 points in this section Some questions have 2 blanks and are worth 4 points Question 6 with 3 blanks is worth 5 points 1 The earth is estimated to have formed about 4 5 billion years ago Approximately how many years after this before the first living organisms began to appear a 3 9 billion yrs b 1 billion yrs c 10 million yrs d 500 000 yrs e 10 000 yrs 2 The oldest fossil organisms are thought to be photosynthesizing a purple bacteria b mitochondria c trilobites d cyanobacteria e ribozymes 3 In cladogram A below the circled group is a group a polyphyletic b paraphyletic c parapatric d polytomy e monophyletic A B C D A E F A B C D E F A B B C C 4 In cladogram B above the circled group is a group a polyphyletic b paraphyletic c parapatric d polytomy e monophyletic 5 In cladogram C above the circled group is a a polyphyletic b paraphyletic c parapatric d polytomy e polynomial 3 D E F 6 Based on your experience in analyzing phylogenetic data for the tree below you would most likely conclude that the data contained strong phylogenetic signal and gave good support for groups c and e Poor support is evident for group d A 96 a F D C 5 b C D 92 B c A B 4 33 C d D C A B 1 100 steps e C A B D E F 7 Your text points to the fact that some of the best studies of speciation in the wild have made use of as their laboratories a hotsprings b islands c bogs d ocean currents e black lights 8 Life had an origin on Earth For life to have taken hold molecules would have been the first crucial step a lipid b photosynthesizing c heat shock d self replicating e glycerol 9 To determine whether a trait is an adaptation requires experimental testing An excellent set of expermiments was designed to test whether the wing waving behavior and wing markings of the tephritid fruit fly Zonosemata are adaptations to avoid predation After several experimental treatments each designed to test one hypothesis the conclusion was that these traits were a adaptations for courtship b adaptations to scare off other flies c adaptations to scare off by mimicry their major predators the jumping spider d evolved by sexual selection e were irrelevant to the survival and reproduction of the fly 10 The paradox in the earliest stages of the origin of life is that e molecules are poor replicators and that c molecules are poor at being enzymes a small b 3 dimensional c DNA d RNA e protein 4 11 In the theory of the RNA World ribozymes are thought to have been both self a compatible and inert b protective and aggressive c catalytic and replicating d predacious and defeating e resistant and immune 12 Based on the criterion of maximum parsimony what character state of the recruitment dance zig zag or waggle likely existed in the common ancestor of these different groups of bees at the root of tree A Note the roundish squiggly pattern represents zig zag dance the egg shaped pattern represents waggle dance a zig zag dance b waggle dance c both equally likely 13 What ancestral character state of the dance likely existed at the root of tree B a zig zag dance Bumble bee b Stingless c both equally likely b waggle dance Honey A Bumble Stingless