ImperialismID & SIG:AgendaImperialismSlide 5Imperialism Against China: The Opium WarSlide 7Imperialism Against China: Opium WarSlide 9Imperialism Against China: Unequal TreatiesSlide 11Imperialism Against Japan: Foreign PressureSlide 13Imperialism Against Japan: Commodore PerryImperialism Against Japan: The Opening of JapanJapan’s Response: End of Tokugawa RuleJapan’s Response: Meiji ReformsSlide 18Japan’s Response: Sino-Japanese WarJapan’s Response: Parity with the WestChina’s Response: Boxer RebellionSlide 22The Rise of Japanese Imperialism: Russo-Japanese WarThe Rise of Japanese Imperialism: World War ISlide 25The Rise of Japanese Imperialism: Naval PowerThe Rise of Japanese Imperialism: ManchuriaSlide 28Slide 29The Rise of Japanese Imperialism: World War IIImperialism in Africa: SudanSlide 32Imperialism in Africa: ZulusSlide 34Imperialism in Africa: South AfricaSlide 36Slide 37Imperialism in Africa: Berlin ConferenceImperialism in Latin America: USUS: Spanish-American War (1898-1899)US: Spanish-American WarUS: Naval GrowthUS: Imperialism in the Western HemisphereUS: Imperialism in PanamaSlide 45US: Imperialism Elsewhere in Latin AmericaSlide 47Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineReviewNextImperialismLesson 18ID & SIG:•Berlin Conference, Boer War, Boxer Rebellion, imperialism, Mahan, Meiji’s Reforms, Opium War, Panama Canal, Perry, Rape of Nanjing, Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Russo-Japanese War, Spanish-American War, Unequal treaties, Western advantages, ZulusAgenda•Imperialism•The Western Advantage•Imperialism in Asia–Opium War–Opening of Japan–Sino-Japanese War–Boxer Rebellion–Russo-Japanese War–Manchuria•Imperialism in Africa–Zulus–Boer War•Imperialism in Latin America–Spanish-American War–Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineImperialism•Imperialism is a term associated with the expansion of the European powers, and later the US and Japan, and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies, mainly from the 16th through the 19th Centuries•Was effected not just through the force of arms, but also through trade, investment, and business activities that enabled the imperial powers to profit from subject societies and influence their affairs without going to the trouble of exercising direct political controlImperialism•Many Europeans came to believe that imperial expansion and colonial domination were crucial for the survival of their states and societies•Superior transportation (steamships and canals), military (breech-loading rifles), and communications (undersea telegraph) technologies gave the West a huge advantageThe USS Mon ocacy was used to protect US interests along the Yangtze River in ChinaImperialism Against China: The Opium War•In the late 18th and early 19th Centuries, Europeans wanted to trade with the Chinese much more than the Chinese wanted to trade with the Europeans•Since the Chinese had little demand for European products, the European merchants had to trade with silver bullionImperialism Against China: The Opium War•As an alternative, Europeans gradually began to trade in opium instead•The trade was illegal and created both an economic and a social problem in ChinaIllustration from an early 19th century book showing an opium addictImperialism Against China: Opium War•In 1839, the Chinese took serious measures to halt the opium trade•The British protested and launched the Opium War (1839-1842)The British shell GuangzhouImperialism Against China: Opium War•The war showed the military differential between China and Europe•The British used steam-powered gunboats to attack the Grand Canal, and China sued for peace•China suffered other military setbacks with Britain and France (1856-1858), France (1884-1885), and Japan (1894-1895)Cartoon showing China being divided by the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, France, and JapanImperialism Against China: Unequal Treaties•As a result of these defeats, China was subjected to what were collectively known as the “unequal treaties”•China was forced to –Cede Hong Kong to Britain–Open ports to commerce and residence–Permit the establishment of Christian missions–Legalize the opium trade–Not levy tariffs on importsImperialism Against China: Unequal Treaties•By 1900, ninety Chinese ports were under the effective control of foreign powers, foreign merchants controlled much of the Chinese economy, Christian missionaries were converting Chinese throughout the country, and foreign gunboats patrolled Chinese watersThe Treaty of Nanjing (1842) ceded Hong Kong to the British in perpetuityImperialism Against Japan: Foreign Pressure•The Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan was able to control foreign interaction until the early 19th Century•However, beginning in 1844, British, French, and US ships visited Japan to establish relations–The US in particular wanted ports where its Pacific whaling and merchant fleets could stop for fuel and provisionsImperialism Against Japan: Foreign Pressure•The Tokugawas refused all requests for expanded relations and stuck to their policy of limiting European and American visitors to a small number of Dutch at Nagasaki•In the late 1840s the Japanese began making military preparations in case of attackThe artificial island Dejima in Nagasaki Bay where the Dutch were allowed to tradeImperialism Against Japan: Commodore Perry•In 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry led a US naval squadron into Tokyo Bay and demanded that the shogun open Japan to diplomatic and commercial relations and sign a treaty of friendship•The shogun had no good alternative and acquiesced to Perry’s demandsCommodore Matthew PerryImperialism Against Japan: The Opening of Japan•Representatives of Britain, the Netherlands, and Russia soon won similar rights•Like the Chinese, the Japanese were subjected to a series of unequal treaties which opened Japanese ports to foreign commerce, deprived the government of control over tariffs, and granted foreigners extraterritorial rightsJapan’s Response: End of Tokugawa Rule•The sudden intrusion of foreign powers in Japan resulted in the collapse of the Tokugawa and the restoration of imperial rule•The dissident slogan was “Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians.”•On Jan 3, 1868, the boy emperor Mutsuhito took power–He later became known as Meiji (“Enlightened Rule”)Japan’s Response: Meiji Reforms•The Meiji government strived to gain