Beginning of World War IIID & SIG:AgendaRise of HitlerRebirth of GermanyGermany’s Increasingly Militaristic ApproachSlide 7Continued AggressionPolandSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Russia and FinlandRussia and FinlandSlide 16Denmark and NorwaySlide 18Imperial Japan (Review from Lsn 18)Imperial JapanSlide 21Invasion of ManchuriaImperial JapanJapanese NavyPearl HarborTactical DamageBroader ResultsFall of the PhilippinesBataan Death MarchCentrifugal AdvanceSlide 31NextBeginning of World War IILsn 22ID & SIG:•appeasement, Bataan Death March, blitzkrieg, Finland, Hitler’s rise to power, Japanese imperialism, Manchuria, Poland, Russian-Germany Non-aggression Pact, Pearl HarborAgenda•Europe–Hitler’s Rise to Power–Poland–Finland–Denmark and Norway•Pacific–Imperialism–Manchuria–Pearl Harbor–PhilippinesRise of Hitler •Treaty of Versailles was very punitive to Germany•Unemployment and other issues created conditions conducive for Hitler to rise to powerDec 21, 1931Rebirth of Germany•Hitler reinstituted conscription (after France doubled the length of its conscripts’ service) and in March 1936 was strong enough to reoccupy the Rhineland•In June 1934, Hitler purged many of his paramilitary and the SS rose up to replace themGermany’s Increasingly Militaristic Approach•In Nov 1937, Italy joined Germany in an alliance against the Soviet Union•In Mar 1938, Hitler forced Anschluss (union) with Austria•On Sept 29-30, the British and French foreign ministers attempted to appease Hitler by acquiescing to his demand for the Sudentenland under the understanding Hitler would make no more territorial demands–In March 1939 Hitler seized the western part of CzechoslovakiaNeville ChamberlainContinued Aggression•Britain and France now knew appeasement would not stop Hitler and they pledged to defend Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, and Poland against German aggression•On Aug 22, 1939, Russia and Germany signed a non-aggression pact–In the event of a German-Polish war, Russia could annex eastern Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania•On Sept 1, Hitler invaded PolandPoland•The German offensive included heavy air attacks against Polish air bases and military targets in Warsaw–Collateral damage and civilian casualties were high•Britain and France honored their promise to the Poles and declared war on Germany–Hitler had thought Britain and France would not go to war–He had said, he had seen his “enemies at Munich and they were worms”Poland•Germany bounded Poland on three sides so it was easy for the Germans to quickly envelop Poland•Furthermore, Poland was one big flat plain with its only defensible terrain feature, the Bug River, lying too far east to be of any use•The Poles choose to use a forward defense which allowed the Germans to divide the Polish Army and defeat it piecemealPoland•Using blitzkrieg tactics, the Germans broke Polish resistance within a week–The Poles lost 70,000 killed, 133,000 wounded, and 700,000 taken prisoner–The Germans lost only 11,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, and 3,400 missing•To make matters worse, the Soviet Union moved into eastern Poland on September 17 to “protect” the local populationPoland•From the very beginning, the Germans began implementing Hitler’s ideological atrocities against the Poles–The Polish ruling and intellectual elite was liquidated–Polish cultural symbols were destroyed–The Catholic Church was suppressed–Jews were sent to concentration camps such as AuschwitzPoland•The Allies were unprepared to launch an offensive into Germany at this point in the war•Instead of trying to relieve Poland, the British and French concentrated on mobilizing and preparing to halt the Germans when they turned toward the west•The failure to exert any real pressure on the Germans allowed Germany to continue building its industrial might and prepare for its 1940 offensiveRussia and Finland •In the meantime, the Soviets demanded that the Baltic States allow Red Army garrisons on their territory•Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia acceded•Then Russia made similar demands of Finland•The Finns agreed to cede some territory but refused any terms that compromised their independenceRussia and Finland•On November 30, Russia attacked Finland, but instead of the expected swift victory the Russians met stiff resistance•Only after massive artillery bombardments and human wave attacks did the Russians finally compel the Finns to surrender on March 12, 1940Finnish infantry passing a destroyed Russian tankRussia and Finland•The Russian Army was plagued by shortages in leadership and initiative that resulted from the purges of 1937-1939•The poor performance made Hitler think the Russians would not be much of a challenge if Germany invadedDenmark and Norway•Germany quickly moved into Denmark, but had a more difficult time capturing Norway•In April, British destroyers inflicted severe losses on the German Navy at Narvik, including sinking half of Germany’s destroyers•These losses would make it impossible for the German Navy to adequately support any upcoming invasion of the British IslesAgenda•Europe–Hitler’s Rise to Power–Poland–Finland–Denmark and Norway•Pacific–Imperialism–Manchuria–Pearl Harbor–PhilippinesImperial Japan(Review from Lsn 18)•Japan had been becoming increasingly imperialistic and increasing powerful–In 1894 it won the Sino-Japanese War over control of Korea–Its victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904) gained Japan recognition as a major imperial power–In 1936 Japan withdrew from the Five-Power Naval Limitation Treaty and began pursuing naval parity with the US and BritainImperial Japan•This aggression against China came to a head in the 1930s when for the most part civilians lost control of the government and the military in Japan•In 1937 Japan engaged in a full-scale yet undeclared war in northern China•After the capital city of Nanking fell on December 13, the Japanese Army embarked on six weeks of unspeakable atrocities that came to be known collectively as the “Rape of Nanking”A Chinese baby cries amid the rubble of the Japanese bombing of ShanghaiInvasion of Manchuria•The Rape of Nanking remains a contentious topic but many sources estimate 300,000 Chinese were killed and some 20,000 women raped•One American who was in Nanking at the time wrote, “There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city