World War II: Pacific TheaterID & SIG:The Pacific TheaterImperial JapanPearl HarborTactical DamageBroader ResultsFall of the PhilippinesBataan Death MarchCentrifugal AdvanceSlide 11Coral Sea (May 4-8, 1942)Midway (June 3-6, 1942)Slide 14Greatest Extent of Greater East Asia Co-prosperity SphereChina-Burma-IndiaSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Twin DrivesCompromiseSlide 25Operation CartwheelSlide 27Slide 28Retaking the PhilippinesBattle of Leyte GulfSlide 31Slide 32“I shall return”Final CampaignsPlan to Invade JapanThe Atomic BombHiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima, vicinity of ground zeroSurrenderBeyond World War IIGrowth of Total WarHolocaustSlide 43Roll Call at AuschwitzSlide 45Mass Grave at Bergen-BelsenChildren Subjected to Medical Experiments in AuschwitzSurvivors of Ampfing Subcamp of DachauPrisoners liberated at AuschwitzPost-war Impact of Atomic BombSlide 51Slide 52Expanded Roles for WomenSlide 54NextWorld War II: Pacific TheaterLsn 27ID & SIG:•atomic bomb, China-Burma-India Theater, Hiroshima, Holocaust, island-hopping, MacArthur, mutual assured destruction, Operation Cartwheel, Pearl Harbor, roles of women, Stilwell, total war, TrumanThe Pacific TheaterImperial Japan•Japan saw the US and others as a threat to its influence in Asia and in 1940 the Japanese began developing plans to destroy the US Navy in Hawaii•On Dec 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl HarborIn May 1940, the main part of the US fleet was transferred to Pearl Harbor from the west coastPearl Harbor•Dec 7, 1941–“a date which will live in infamy”•Americans taken completely by surprise •The first attack wave targeted airfields and battleships •The second wave targeted other ships and shipyard facilitiesTactical Damage•Eight battleships were damaged, with five sunk •Three light cruisers, three destroyers, three smaller vessels, and 188 aircraft were destroyed•2,335 servicemen and 68 civilians killed •1,178 wounded –1,104 men aboard the Battleship USS Arizona were killed after a 1,760-pound air bomb penetrated into the forward magazine causing catastrophic explosions.Broader Results•In spite of the tactical success, the attack on Pearl Harbor was an operational and strategic failure for the Japanese–The attack failed to destroy the American aircraft carriers, fleet repair facilities, or fuel reserves–The “sneak attack” galvanized American support for entry into the warFall of the Philippines•Shortly after Pearl Harbor the Japanese made initial landings on Luzon, then made their main landings on Dec 22•On Dec 24, MacArthur ordered his forces to withdraw to the Bataan Peninsula•By Apr Bataan surrendered•By early May Corregidor surrenderedDouglas MacArthur in his headquarters tunnel at Corregidorin March 1942Bataan Death March•President Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to relinquish command to Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright and MacArthur escaped to Australia•25,000 Americans and Filipinos died on the Bataan Death March to captivityCentrifugal Advance•Japanese attacked Malaya, the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Wake, Guam….•Instead of halting, establishing a defense, and pressuring the US to sue for peace (the prewar plan), the Japanese decided to extend their control over the Pacific planning operations in New Guinea near Port Moresby and against Midway (1,300 miles northwest of Honolulu)•US achieved a moral victory with Doolittle’s Raid on the Japanese home islands on April 18, 1942–Minimal damage but humiliated Japanese high command and led them to advance the date for their attack on MidwayCoral Sea (May 4-8, 1942)•US had been able to intercept Japanese radio traffic in an operation called “Magic”•Magic intercepts allowed Admiral Nimitz to position two carriers off the eastern tip of New Guinea•Both sides suffered heavy losses but the Japanese were forced to call off their amphibious attack on Port Moresby•Battle waged exclusively via air strikes–Opposing surface ships never made direct contactAdmiral Chester Nimitz, Commander in Chief Pacific and Pacific Ocean AreasMidway (June 3-6, 1942)•Japanese planned a diversionary attack on the Aleutian Islands while the main force attacked Midway to destroy the American fleet•Thanks to Magic intercepts, US didn’t fall for the Alaska feint and reinforced Midway•Americans destroyed four Japanese carriers and most of their flight crews•Japanese advance was checked and initiative in the Pacific began to turn to the AmericansGreatest Extent of Greater East Asia Co-prosperity SphereChina-Burma-India•The Chinese Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek was on the Allied side of World War II•In the spring of 1942 Lieutenant General Joseph Stilwell became commander of the China-Burma-India Theater and Chiang’s chief of staff–Stilwell was impatient, direct, and indiscreet–He was publicly critical of Chiang and eventually would be removed from command over the controversy in 1944Generalissimo and Madame Chiang Kai-shek with Stilwell in BurmaChina-Burma-India•In addition to Chiang and Stilwell’s command difficulties, the Americans, Chinese, and British lacked common objectives in the CBI–The US wanted the Chinese to actively engage the Japanese to keep the Japanese occupied as US forces advanced through the Pacific theater to the Japanese home islands–Chiang’s main objective was to preserve his own strength and political power–The British wanted to preserve their colonial administrations in Burma and India and initially opposed giving any authority to ChiangChina-Burma-India•In the spring of 1942 the Japanese launched an offensive that captured Singapore, defeated the Allied navies in the Battle of Java Sea (which exposed Australia to attack), and drove the Allies out of Burma into India–General William Slim led British forces on a 900 mile retreat to Imphal, India–Stilwell had to personally march his staff 140 miles through the wilderness to reach safety in IndiaChina-Burma-India•The loss of Burma effectively cut China off from its Allies–The US responded by supplying China by air which meant flying over the high altitude Himalayas (“The Hump”)–The US also constructed a road from Ledo, India through northern Burma to southern ChinaChina-Burma-India•In late Dec 1943, Stilwell initiated an offensive to retake Burma–Key to the attack were Merrill’s Marauders, a commando unit that was designed to conduct long-range patrols and