Psychology 101 Exam 2 Name_____________________________ 1. Sensation examines how an organism ______ a stimulus. a. perceives b. organizes c. develops the meaning of d. both b and c 2. According to lecture, the absolute threshold is defined as when an organism can detect a stimulus_____ percent of the time. a. 30 b. 50 c. 66 d. 70 e. none of these are correct 3. The height of a sound wave is perceived as a. pitch b. loudness c. clarity d. purity 4. The structure which focuses the most light is the _______ a. pupil. b. lens. c. sclera. d. cornea. e. none of these. 5. The fovea is mostly likely to see a. well in the dark. b. color c. black, white, and gray. d. none of these 6. Rods and cones have axons that are connected to a. amacrine cells. b. bipolar cells. c. ganglion cells d. none of these 7. A stimulus presented in your left visual field will end up in which brain structure? a. The left occipital lobe c. The left lateral geniculate nucleus b. The right temporal lobe d. None of these 8. The frequency of light in the visual spectrum will determine the lights a. clarity b. brightness c. color d. all of these e. none of these 9. The Eustachian Tube is used to a. equalize air pressure in the ear c. send signals from the eye to the brain. b. convert sound to action potentials d. none of these 10. The retina of the eye for vision works the same as the ____ of the ear for hearing. a. Tympanic Membrane c. Cochlea b. Ossicles d. None of these 11. The critical feature of cognition is a. organization c. conversion of stimuli to action potentials b. developing meaning d. all of these 12. The first group of psychologists who examined aspects of perception were the _______ psychologists. a. cognitive b. psychodynamic c behavioral d. gestalt 13. When you look out the window of a moving car you see trees passing very quickly. However, when you look straight ahead, the trees appear to be moving more slowly. This is called a. distance perception b. motion parallax c. motion constancy. d. none of these.14. The semicircular canals are responsible for a. motion perception b. balance c. hearing d. smell detection. 15. Structure A is called the a. Cornea b. Iris c. Lens d. Fovea e. None of these 16. Structure B is called the a. Optic Nerve b. Optic Tract c. Optic Chiasm None of these 17. Structure C is called the a. Sclera b. Optic Chiasm c. Ganglion cells d. Fovea 18. The ossicles are responsible for a. motion detection b. balance c. sound clarity d. none of these 19. As dusk occurs, blue and green colors appear darker and deeper. This is called? a. motion parallax b. color bi-constancy c. purkinje shift d. Lowel’s colors 20. Structure A is called the a. Tympanic Memberane b. Ossicles c. Cochlea d. Pinna 21. Structure B is called the a. Auditory Nerve b. Optic Tract c. Olfactory Nerve d. none of these 22. Rods and cones for vision are similar in function as ______ is for hearing. a. hair cells b. ossicles c. tympanic membrane d. basilar membrane 23. If I put all wavelengths of light together, I get what color of light a. Gray b. Black c. Blue d. White 24. The first person to discover the conditioned reflex was a. Pavlov b. Twitmeyer c. Watson d. Hull 25. In negative reinforcement, a. an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others' behavior. b. an organism engages in a response that brings aversive stimulation to an end. c. a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. d. an organism engages in a response that causes aversive stimulation. 26. In spontaneous recovery, the level of responding. a. is as higher as the orginal level of responding. b. Is equal to the orginal level of responding. c. Is lower to the orginal level of responding. d. Has nothing to do with levels of responding. 27. Which of the following is not a side effect of punishment? a. a general suppression of behavior.b. strong negative emotional responses. c. hostility toward the source of the punishment. d. a decrease in aggressive behavior. 28. Which schedule of conditioning gives the highest rate of responding and is the most resistant to extinction a. Fixed Ratio b. Variable Ratio c. Fixed Interval d. Variable Interval 29. When a new stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus causes responding, this is called a. generalization b. discrimination c. spontaneous recovery d. none of these 30. The gradual disappearance of aresponse that is no longer being reinforced is called: a. extinction. c. spontaneous remission b. unconditioning. d. conditioned forgetting. e. none of these. 31. When a CS is presented after the UCS this is called ________ conditioning. a. trace b. simultaneous c. backward d. short delayed 32. An unconditioned stimulus elicits a(n) __________ response; a conditioned stimulus elicits a(n) __________ response. a. conditioned; unconditioned c. unconditioned; conditioned b. conditioned; conditioned d. unconditioned; unconditioned 33. The theory of color vision that proposes that the human eye has three types of receptors sensitive to different wavelengths is: a. the tridetector theory. c. the trichromatic theory b. the opponent process theory. d. the tripartite theory. 34. When I present a list of items and the subject's recall for items at the end of a list is better than the middle of the list, this is called the _____ effect. a. primacy b. recency c. Von Resterhoff d. none of these 35. When I smoke cigarettes while I study and then get better recall of information on an exam while a smoke vs not smoking, this is called. a. The Primacy effect c. State Dependent Learning b. Webers law d. recall information learning 36. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which: a. responses come to be controlled by their consequences. b. an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others' c. an organism engages in