Form DCD 1 Exam #11) George has suddenly outgrown his shoes, gloves, and pants; however, his jackets and shirts still fit well. This reversal of the proximodistal trend occurs duringA) ToddlerhoodB) PubertyC) InfancyD) Middle childhood2) What is significant about a newborn’s chubby cheeks and big eyes?A) Chubby cheeks and big eyes make newborns attractive to adults and thus encourage the parent-infant relationshipB) Chubby cheeks contain fat stores to supplement nutrition and big eyes enhance visionC) Obvious resemblances to one or both parents are necessary so that newborns are not rejectedD) Chubby cheeks and big eyes have no developmental or anthropological function3) Pavlov successfully taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by usingA) Operant conditioningB) Behavior modificationC) Classical conditioningD) Observational Learning4) The sex of a new organism is determined byA) Genes on the X chromosomeB) Whether the ovum is carrying an X chromosome or a Y chromosomeC) Whether the sperm fertilizes an X-bearing or Y- bearing ovumD) Whether an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum5) What is the difference between a distance curve and a velocity curve?A) A distance curve plots the average size of a sample of children at each age; a velocity curve plots their average amount of growth per yearB) A velocity curve plots the average size of a sample of children at each age; a distance curve plots their average amount of growth per yearC) A velocity curve plots the average growth of a sample group every other year; a distance curve plots an individual’s growth every five yearsD) A distance curve plots the average growth of a sample group every other year; a velocity curve plots an individual’s growth every five years 6) Of the following, which statement is supported by research on REM sleep?1Form DA) Infants spend far more time in the REM state than they ever will againB) During REM sleep, infants dream much the same way adults doC) REM sleep accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the infant’s total sleep timeD) Infants spend 2 to 3 hours a day in REM sleep7) An expectant mother who ensures that her meat is well-cooked and has other family members change her cat’s litter box is trying to avoidA) CytomegalovirusB) ToxoplasmosisC) Herpes simplex 2D) AIDS8) During early childhood,A) Dramatic changes in the body and brain support the emergence of a wide array of motor, perceptual, and intellectual capacitiesB) The body becomes longer and leaner, motor skills are refined, and children become more self-controlled and self-sufficientC) Children learn about the wider world and master new responsibilities that increasingly resemble those they will perform as adultsD) Thought becomes abstract and idealistic and young people begin to establish autonomy from the family9) During mitosisA) A single cell develops into a complex, many-celled organismB) New body cells are created, each with its own unique DNAC) The number of chromosomes normally present in body cells is halvedD) Crossing over occurs10) In the innermost level of the environment, Bronfenbrenner emphasized thatA) Reinforcement, punishment, and modeled behaviors are the most important environmental influencesB) The same environmental influences affect children in uniform waysC) Children acquire culturally valued practices from interactions with adultsD) When reciprocal interactions occur often over time, they have an enduring impact on development11) Infants’ experience with _____________________ is linked to the development of their refusal to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.A) Rolling2Form DB) Reaching and graspingC) CrawlingD) Walking12) The short attention span of toddlers is due, in part, to the immaturity of the A) CerebellumB) Corpus callosumC) Reticular formationD) Parietal lobe13) Research on teenage pregnancy in the United States shows thatA) Abortions are only granted to women under the age of 20 B) 20 percent of teenage girls who have sexual intercourse become pregnant annuallyC) The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is lower than that of other industrialized nationsD) Most pregnant teenage girls marry before giving birth14) Of the following, which sound is newborn Matteo most likely to prefer?A) A foreign languageB) Children laughingC) His mother’s voiceD) Any female voice15) According to social learning theory, as children grow olderA) They become more selective in what they imitateB) Operant conditioning is more effective than classical conditioning in influencing behaviorC) The depend more on their parents than on their friends for reinforcementD) They are less likely to act to satisfy basic needs, such as hunger and thirst16) What is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development?A) Apgar scoreB) Birth lengthC) Mother’s ageD) Birth weight17) The rooting reflexA) Is used by the infant to nest inside the cribB) Helps a breastfed baby find the mother’s nippleC) Protects the infant from overstimulation3Form DD) Helps babies adjust their sucking pressure to how easily milk flows from the nipple18) Which genetic characteristics set humans apart from simpler species?A) Humans have a simpler communication system between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasmB) Over half of our DNA is unique to humansC) Human genes make a greater variety of proteinsD) Humans have over one hundred times as many genes as any other species19) What is the difference between analgesic and anesthetic use during childbirth?A) Analgesics are given in mild doses to help a mother relax, whereas anesthetics block sensation entirelyB) Analgesics are typically used in hospital deliveries, whereas anesthetics are used in home deliveriesC) Analgesics are typically used when birth complications occur, whereas anestheticsare used in normally progressing pregnanciesD) Anesthetics are usually administered at the mother’s request, whereas analgesics are administered as part of the standard birthing room procedure.20) Kipsigi and Jamaican infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because A) They are physically smaller at birth, requiring less leg-muscle strength for standingB) Their parents promote early walking instructions and formal handling routines to encourage itC) They are genetically “hardwired” to do soD) They must help their parents work in the fields at extremely young ages21) During synaptic pruning,A) The prenatal organism overproduces neuronsB) Neurons migrate to major