Form ACD 1 Exam #11) The common goal of investigators who study child development is toA) Describe and identify those factors that influence young people during the first two decades of lifeB) Predict academic success during adolescenceC) Analyze human behavior and its effects on family relationshipsD) Join the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, and neuroscience 2) Development of the corpus callosum supportsA) Regulation of states of arousalB) Smooth communication between the two cerebral hemispheresC) Skeletal growthD) Gains in motor skills3) On Planet Theoretical, the allele for blue skin is dominant to the green skin allele. Mr. and Mrs. Pretend both have blue skin, and their daughter has green skin. Which of the following is TRUE about the Pretend family?A) Mr. and Mrs. Pretend are both homozygous for skin colorB) Mrs. Pretend is homozygous for skin color, while Mr. Pretend is heterozygousC) The couple’s daughter is heterozygous for skin colorD) Mr. and Mrs. Pretend are both carriers of green skin4) At what age does children’s reasoning become logical and better organized?A) 2-5 yearsB) 4-6 yearsC) 5-7 yearsD) 7-11 years5) Baby Sonya’s initial Apgar score is 4, so the doctors shouldA) Immediately provide medical attention because she is in serious dangerB) Give her a second rating because some babies who have trouble adjusting at first do well after a few minutesC) Put her on a ventilator because Apgar scores below 5 indicate lack of oxygenD) Ask her parents if they will allow extensive life-saving efforts performed on their daughter6) According to Bronfenbrenner, the environmentA) Negatively impacts the breakdown in exosystem activitiesB) Is a static forceC) Is an effective substitute for lack of parental involvementD) Is an ever-changing system7) George has suddenly outgrown his shoes, gloves, and pants; however, his jackets and shirts still fit well. This reversal of the proximodistal trend occurs duringA) Toddlerhood1Form AB) PubertyC) InfancyD) Middle childhood8) Children who survive extreme forms of malnutrition A) Rarely show catch-up growth when their diets improveB) Develop a high basal metabolism rateC) Usually continue to undereat when food becomes plentiful D) Tend to gain excessive weight when their diets improve9) Where does fertilization usually take place?A) Fallopian tubeB) CervixC) OvariesD) Blastocyst10) Of the following, which statement is TRUE regarding the stage theory of development?A) Change is fairly sudden rather than gradual and ongoingB) Children undergo a slow transformation as they step up from one stage to the nextC) Children do not alternate plateaus; rather, they seamlessly glide through all developmental stagesD) Change is gradual and ongoing rather than sudden and distinct11) Two-month old Yueh-Wen grasps a rattle and shakes it vigorously. She is most likely usingA) The pincer graspB) PrereachingC) Gross motor skillsD) The ulnar grasp12) Lorenzo is much taller than his father, who, in turn, is taller than Lorenzo’s grandfather. This is an example of aA) Thyroxine deficiencyB) Surplus growth hormoneC) Coincidental occurrenceD) Secular trend13) According to a dynamic systems perspective, development occurs when A) Behavior is actively reorganized following a change in some part of the child’s integrated systemB) A child internalizes the behaviors of more skilled members of societyC) A child is in the sensitive period for a particular behaviorD) Disequilibrium is experienced by the child in the home environment14) The ______________ reflex helps babies find their mother’s nipple.A) Moro2Form AB) RootingC) Tonic neckD) Babkinski15) In contrast to Freud, EriksonA) Viewed children as taking a more active role in their own developmentB) Recognized the lifespan nature of developmentC) Minimized the role of culture in individual developmentD) Focused on the impact of early experiences on later behavior16) Research on brain injuries shows thatA) Reorganization of the brain can occur in adulthood after a strokeB) Adult stroke victims are more likely to recover reading and math skills than spatial skillsC) Brain plasticity is restricted to infancy and early childhoodD) The adult brain cannot produce new neurons17) By carrying her baby about on her hip all day, a Zambian mother reverses the poor NBASscore of her undernourished infant within a week. This is primarily due toA) The rich variety of sensory stimulus the infant receivesB) The inaccuracy of the initial NBAS score C) A special diet designed to compensate for previous malnutritionD) Parental bonding18) During early childhood, language develops rapidly and children are responsive to conversational interactions. Based on these observations, one could argue thatA) Language acquisition is due to a genetic blueprintB) Children play a passive role in language acquisitionC) Language development begins in the wombD) Early childhood is a sensitive period for language development19) How does research on resilience highlight the complex connections between heredity andenvironment?A) Resilience is a heritable trait that is only expressed in certain contextsB) Prenatal conditions alter the expression of a child’s genetically programmed resilienceC) Community involvement has little impact on resilienceD) Children’s characteristics, both genetic and acquired, inform their reactions to stressful situations20) According to Bandura’s social learning theory, children learn primarily throughA) Classical conditioningB) Behavior modificationC) Operant conditioningD) Modeling3Form A21) Which statement best explains the relationship between heredity and environment as viewed through the epigenetic framework?A) Heredity strongly influences an individual’s responses to the environmentB) The relationship between heredity and environment is bidirectionalC) A relationship between heredity and environment is nonexistentD) Niche-picking is a stronger force than either heredity or environment22) What period of human development brings the most rapid time of change?A) The prenatal periodB) Infancy and toddlerhoodC) Early childhoodD) Middle childhood23) Of the following, which statement is TRUE regarding human genes?A) Biological events, at a microscopic level, are solely the result of genetic forcesB) Proteins, which trigger chemical reactions throughout the body, are the biological foundation on which our characteristics are builtC) Mutations often cause human genes to produce