Astronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B Name____________________________________ ID #__________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculatorsThe letter at the top of the test needs to correspond to letter at top of the answer sheet.Constants that you may need to know:•c = 3 x 108 m/s•G = 6.67 x 10-11 m3/(kg-s2)•h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s•g = 9.8 m/s2•σ = 5.7 x 10-8 W/(m2-K4)•1 parsec = 3.26 light years1) Write the number 200 million in scientific notation.A) 2.0 x 106B) 2.0 x 107C) 2.0 x 108D) 2.0 x 109E) 2.0 x 10102) In the sky, you follow an object as it passes through the constellations Leo, Hydra, and Canis Major. What can you say about this object?A) This object is one of the nine planets.B) This object will collide with the sun.C) This object is not one of the nine planets. D) This object is a star.E) This object is the Moon. 3) Isotopes of an element have the ….A) same number of neutrons but different numbers of protonsB) same number of protons but different number of neutronsC) same number of electrons but different numbers of protonsD) same number of protons and same number of neutronsE) same number of neutrons but different number of electronsAstronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B 4) Which of these planets takes the longest time to travel one full orbit around the Sun?A) MarsB) NeptuneC) JupiterD) EarthE) Saturn5) How far will light travel in 10 minutes?A) 3.6 x 109 metersB) 3.6 x 1010 metersC) 3.6 x 1011 metersD) 3.6 x 1012 metersE) 1.8 x 1011 meters6) A planet is 4 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the planet’s orbital period around the Sun?A) the square of 4, which equals 16 yearsB) the square root of 4, which equals 2 yearsC) the square root of 64, which equals 8 yearsD) the square of 9, which equals 81 yearsE) the cube of 4, which equals 64 years7) During its orbit when a planet is at perihelion, it is …A) at its closest point to the Sun.B) at its farthest point from the Sun.C) in total shadow.D) in partial shadow.E) In the constellation Perseus8) A galaxy is 10,000 light years away and we observe light from that galaxy. We are looking at the galaxy as it appeared …A) a few minutes ago.B) 1.4 x 1010 years ago.C) 300,000,000 years ago.D) 5,000 years ago.E) 10,000 years ago.Astronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B 9) When traveling south from Canada into the United States, you'll see the North Star (Polaris) getting … A) smaller B) lower in the sky. C) brighter. D) higher in the sky. E) larger.10) How long would it take a photon of light to travel 300 meters?A) 3 secondsB) 1 x 10-6 secondsC) 1 x 10-9 secondsD) 1 x 10-5 secondsE) 1 x 10-9 seconds11) During a solar eclipse, the penumbra is the …A) region where sunlight is only partially blocked.B) time it takes the eclipse to pass over you.C) the distance from the Earth to the Sun.D) the distance from the Earth to the Moon.E) region where sunlight is fully blocked. 12) Which order correctly lists the planets closest to the Sun to farthest from the Sun? Only eight planets are listed. A) Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneB) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneC) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, NeptuneD) Venus, Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneE) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune13) Which of these types of light has the shortest wavelength?A) gamma raysB) x-raysC) ultravioletD) visibleE) infraredAstronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B 14) If it is 100 Kelvin, what is the temperature in Celsius?A) 288.15 degrees CelsiusB) 373.15 degrees CelsiusC) -173.15 degrees CelsiusD) -158.15 degrees CelsiusE) -143.15 degrees CelsiusFigure 115) Figure 1 shows the energy levels of the electron in a hydrogen atom. An electronis excited from level 3 to level 4 by the absorption of a photon. What must the energyof the photon be to excite the electron from level 3 to level 4? A) 0.7 eVB) 2.6 eVC) 1.9 eVD) 24.9 eVE) 12.1 eVAstronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B 16) How would the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth change if the Earth's mass were increased by a factor of two and the Sun’s mass were increasedby a factor of 4? A) The force would increase by a factor of 64. B) The force would increase by a factor of 6. C) The force would increase by a factor of 16. D) The force would increase by a factor of 8. E) The force would decrease by a factor of 4.17) X-rays differ from visible light in that they … A) travel faster through empty space. B) travel slower through empty space. C) have a shorter wavelength D) are not electromagnetic waves like visible light is. E) have less energy per photon18) An infrared photon has a frequency of 1 x 1014 Hz. What is the energy of this photon?A) 6.626 x 10-34 JB) 6.626 x 10-20 J C) 6.626 x 10-47 J D) 1.9878 x 10-19 JE) 1.9878 x 10-26 J19) What is the wavelength of a photon of light if the frequency is 3.00 x 1010 Hz?A) 1 x 1025 mB) 1 x 10-25 mC) 1 x 10-2 mD) 3 x 10-10 mE) 3 x 10-15 m20) As the wavelengths of photons of light increase, their …A) Frequencies increase and their energies increaseB) Frequencies decrease and their energies decreaseC) Frequencies increase and their energies decreaseD) Frequencies increase and their energies stay the sameE) Frequencies stay the same and their energies stay the sameAstronomy 100, Optional Exam #5 B 21) Which of the following objects has the most kinetic energy? A) A 10 kg mass moving at 10 m/s. B) A 2 kg mass moving at 20 m/s. C) A 10 kg mass moving at 8 m/s. D) A 2 kg mass moving at 10 m/s. E) A 3 kg mass moving at 12 m/s.22) Which of these spectral types has the coolest surface temperature?A) G type B) B type C) O type D) K type E) M type23) We measure the stellar parallax of a star to be 0.4 arc seconds. What is the distance tothis star? A) 0.25 parsecs B) 4 parsecs C) 2.5 parsecs D) 25 parsecs E) 50 parsecs24) For main sequence stars, the general rule is that the lower the surface temperature, …A) the less numerous are the stars.B) the greater the masses of the stars.C) the less luminous are the stars.D) the larger the radius of the starsE) the shorter the lifetimes