Astronomy 101, Exam #2 Review Name____________________________________ ID #__________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculatorsConstants that you may need to know:c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 mass of Moon = 7.36 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg g = 9.8 m/s2 σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 joules1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 meters1) Which of these types of light has the longest wavelength?A) gamma raysB) x-raysC) ultravioletD) visibleE) infrared2) If it is 15 Kelvin, what is the temperature in Celsius?A) 288.15 degrees CelsiusB) 236.75 degrees CelsiusC) -273.15 degrees CelsiusD) -258.15 degrees CelsiusE) -272.15 degrees Celsius3) A chromium atom has 24 protons, 28 neutrons, and 24 electrons? What is this chromium atom’s atomic number? A) 24B) 52C) 76D) 4E) 484) A chromium atom has 24 protons, 28 neutrons, and 24 electrons? What is this chromium atom’s atomic mass? A) 24B) 52C) 76D) 4E) 48Astronomy 101, Exam #2 Review Figure 15) Figure 1 shows the energy levels of the electron in a hydrogen atom. An electronis excited from level 2 to level 3 by the absorption of a photon. What must theenergy of the photon be to excite the electron from level 2 to level 3? A) 12.1 eVB) 2.6 eVC) 1.9 eVD) 22.3 eVE) 10.2 eV6) From a measurement in the laboratory, we know that a particular spectral line formed by hydrogen appears at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. The spectrum of a particular star shows the same hydrogen line appearing at a wavelength of 486.3nm. What can we conclude from this observation? A) The star is getting hotter. B) The star must be very distant. C) The star is getting colder. D) The star is moving away from us. E) The star is moving toward us.Astronomy 101, Exam #2 Review 7) What is a CCD (which stands for charge-coupled device)? A) It is the world's largest operating telescope. B) It refers to any kind of instrument that can be hooked up to a telescope. C) It is an electronic detector that can be used in place of photographic film for making images. D) It is a unit used by astronomers to measure angular resolution. E) It is the next telescope that will be launched into space.8) Which of the following is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based telescopes for making observations? A) It never has to close because of cloudy skies. B) It is closer to the stars. C) Stars do not twinkle when observed from space. D) It can observe infrared and ultraviolet light, as well as visible light. E) There is no extra background of light due to scattering of light in the Earth’s atmosphere.9) One chemical element is distinct from another because it has a different number of __________ in its nucleus. A) atoms B) photons C) neutrons D) protons E) electrons 10) Radio waves differ from visible light in that they A) travels faster through empty space. B) travels slower through empty space. C) have a shorter wavelength D) are not electromagnetic waves like light its. E) have less energy per photonAstronomy 101, Exam #2 Review 11) An infrared photon has a frequency of 1 x 1013 Hz. What is the energy of this photon?a. 6.626 x 10-34 Jb. 6.626 x 10-21 J C) 6.626 x 10-47 J D) 1.9878 x 10-19 J E) 1.9878 x 10-26 J12) What is the wavelength of a photon of light if the frequency is 3.00 x 1017 Hz?a. 1 x 1025 mb. 1 x 10-25 mc. 1 x 10-9 md. 3 x 10-10 me. 3 x 10-15 m13) As the wavelengths of photons of light decrease, their …a. Frequencies increase and their energies increaseb. Frequencies decrease and their energies increasec. Frequencies increase and their energies decreased. Frequencies increase and their energies stay the samee. Frequencies stay the same and their energies stay the same 14) Which of the following objects has the most kinetic energy? A) A 1 kg mass moving at 10 km/s. B) A 2 kg mass moving at 20 km/s. C) A 1 kg mass moving at 5 km/s. D) A 2 kg mass moving at 10 km/s. E) A 3 kg mass moving at 10 km/s.Astronomy 101, Exam #2 Review 15) How much energy will be released if you can convert 20 kg of material totally into energy?A) 1.2 x 1016 JoulesB) 1.8 x 1016 JoulesC) 3.0 x 1016 JoulesD) 1.2 x 1017 JoulesE) 1.8 x 1018 Joules16) Ionization is the process of …A) turning matter into energy.B) stripping electrons from an atom.C) splitting a nucleus into halves.D) turning potential into kinetic energy.E) conserving angular momentum.17) The energy attributed to an object by virtue of its motion is known as A) kinetic energy B) potential energy C) radiative energy D) nuclear energy E) gravitational energy18) An atom which has 4 protons and 6 neutrons will be electrically neutral if it contains…A) 6 electrons. B) 4 electrons. C) 2 electrons. D) 8 electronsE) 10 electrons19) Who was the first to propose the formula E=mc2 for converting matter into energy?A) Isaac NewtonB) Albert EinsteinC) Stephen HawkingD) Richard FeynmanE) Johannes KeplerAstronomy 101, Exam #2 Review 20) The nucleus of an atom may contain … A) neutrons and electrons. B) protons and neutrons. C) ions. D) protons and electrons. E) neutrinos and electrons21) What is the frequency of a photon of light if the wavelength is 1 x 10-5 meters?A) 1 x 1016 HertzB) 3 x 1016 Hertz C) 3 x 1013 Hertz D) 9 x 1010 Hertz E) 3 x 103 Hertz22) Light can act as which of the following?A) Only as a particleB) Only as a vacuumC) Only as a waveD) As a particle and a waveE) Only as an ion23) Which type of radiation can penetrate farthest through the Earth’s atmosphere?A) gamma raysB) x-raysC) visible lightD) all types of radiation penetrate the same distanceE) no type of radiation can penetrate through the Earth’s atmosphere24) How would the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth change if the Earth's mass were increased by