Astronomy 100, Exam #2 CName____________________________________ ID #__________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculatorsConstants that you may need to know:•c = 3 x 108 m/s•G = 6.67 x 10-11 m3/(kg-s2)•h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s•g = 9.8 m/s21) Which of these types of light has the longest wavelength?A) gamma raysB) x-raysC) ultravioletD) visibleE) infrared2) If it is 15 Kelvin, what is the temperature in Celsius?A) 288.15 degrees CelsiusB) 236.75 degrees CelsiusC) -273.15 degrees CelsiusD) -258.15 degrees CelsiusE) -272.15 degrees Celsius3) A chromium atom has 24 protons, 28 neutrons, and 24 electrons? What is this chromium atom’s atomic number? A) 24B) 52C) 76D) 4E) 484) A chromium atom has 24 protons, 28 neutrons, and 24 electrons? What is this chromium atom’s atomic mass? A) 24B) 52C) 76D) 4E) 48Astronomy 100, Exam #2 CFigure 15) Figure 1 shows the energy levels of the electron in a hydrogen atom. An electronis excited from level 2 to level 3 by the absorption of a photon. What must theenergy of the photon be to excite the electron from level 2 to level 3? A) 12.1 eVB) 2.6 eVC) 1.9 eVD) 22.3 eVE) 10.2 eV6) Which type of radiation can penetrate farthest through the Earth’s atmosphere?A) gamma raysB) x-raysC) visible lightD) all types of radiation penetrate the same distanceE) no type of radiation can penetrate through the Earth’s atmosphereAstronomy 100, Exam #2 C7) From a measurement in the laboratory, we know that a particular spectral line formed by hydrogen appears at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. The spectrum of a particular star shows the same hydrogen line appearing at a wavelength of 486.3nm. What can we conclude from this observation? A) The star is getting hotter. B) The star must be very distant. C) The star is getting colder. D) The star is moving away from us. E) The star is moving toward us. 8) What is a CCD (which stands for charge-coupled device)? A) It is the world's largest operating telescope. B) It refers to any kind of instrument that can be hooked up to a telescope. C) It is an electronic detector that can be used in place of photographic film for making images. D) It is a unit used by astronomers to measure angular resolution. E) It is the next telescope that will be launched into space.9) Which of the following is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based telescopes for making observations? A) It never has to close because of cloudy skies. B) It is closer to the stars. C) Stars do not twinkle when observed from space. D) It can observe infrared and ultraviolet light, as well as visible light. E) There is no extra background of light due to scattering of light in the Earth’s atmosphere.10) How would the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth change if the Earth's mass were increased by a factor of four? A) The force would be unchanged. B) The force would increase by a factor of 4. C) The force would increase by a factor of 16. D) The force would decrease by a factor of 4. E) The force would decrease by a factor of 16.Astronomy 100, Exam #2 C11) One chemical element is distinct from another because it has a different number of __________ in its nucleus. A) atoms B) photons C) neutrons D) protons E) electrons 12) Radio waves differ from visible light in that they A) travels faster through empty space. B) travels slower through empty space. C) have a shorter wavelength D) are not electromagnetic waves like light its. E) have less energy per photon13) An infrared photon has a frequency of 1 x 1013 Hz. What is the energy of this photon?a. 6.626 x 10-34 Jb. 6.626 x 10-21 J C) 6.626 x 10-47 J D) 1.9878 x 10-19 J E) 1.9878 x 10-26 J14) What is the wavelength of a photon of light if the frequency is 3.00 x 1017 Hz?a. 1 x 1025 mb. 1 x 10-25 mc. 1 x 10-9 md. 3 x 10-10 me. 3 x 10-15 m15) As the wavelengths of photons of light decrease, their …a. Frequencies increase and their energies increaseb. Frequencies decrease and their energies increasec. Frequencies increase and their energies decreased. Frequencies increase and their energies stay the samee. Frequencies stay the same and their energies stay the sameAstronomy 100, Exam #2 C16) You convert 1 kilogram of nuclear material into 9 x 1014 Joules of energy. Which of these statements is true?a. You have converted 100% of the 1 kg of nuclear material into energyb. You have converted 10% of the 1 kg of nuclear material into energyc. You have converted 1% of the 1 kg of nuclear material into energyd. You have converted 0.1% of the 1 kg of nuclear material into energye. You have converted 0.01% of the 1 kg of nuclear material into energy 17) Which of the following objects has the most kinetic energy? A) A 1 kg mass moving at 10 km/s. B) A 2 kg mass moving at 20 km/s. C) A 1 kg mass moving at 5 km/s. D) A 2 kg mass moving at 10 km/s. E) A 3 kg mass moving at 10 km/s.18) The Moon has a gravitational acceleration of 1.7 m/s2. A person with a mass of60 kilograms on Earth would have a mass of ______________ on the Moon?a. 60 kilogramsb. 10 kilogramsc. 102 kilogramsd. 170 kilogramse. 61.7 kilograms19) The Moon has a gravitational acceleration of 1.7 m/s2. A person with a weight of980 newtons on Earth would have a weight of ______________ on the Moon?a. 60 newtonsb. 10 newtonsc. 102 newtonsd. 170 newtonse. 61.7 newtonsAstronomy 100, Exam #2 C20) You want to increase the attractive force between a box of sand (M1) and a box of water (M2) by a factor of 4 (quadrupul). Which of these scenarios will not work?A) Increase the mass of M1 by a factor of 2 and increase the mass of M2 by a factor of 2.B) Halve the distance between the two boxesC) Increase the mass of M1 by a factor of 4D) Increase the mass of M2 by a factor of 4E) Increase the mass of M1 by a factor of 2 and halve the distance between the two boxes21) You apply a force of 100