Chem 150 Unit 8 - Organic Molecules III Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and KetonesIntroductionSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11QuestionSlide 13Slide 14Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols, Sulfides and DisulfidesSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24PowerPoint PresentationPreparations of Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols and SulfidesSlide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Reactions Involving Water (Unit 4)Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Preparations of Alcohols ...Reactions of Alcohols and ThiolsOxidation and Reduction (Unit 4)Slide 39Carboxylic Acids & Phenols, Other Reactions (Unit 7)Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Aldehydes and KetonesSlide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Oxidation of AldehydesSlide 61Slide 62Reduction of Aldehydes and KetonesSlide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Reactions of Alcohols with Aldehydes and KetonesSlide 69Slide 70Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75The EndChem 150Chem 150Unit 8 - Unit 8 - OrganicOrganic Molecules III Molecules IIIAlcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketonesand KetonesIn this unit we continue surveying some of the In this unit we continue surveying some of the families of organic molecules that play important families of organic molecules that play important roles in biochemistry; looking both at their roles in biochemistry; looking both at their physical and chemical properties. The Group VIA physical and chemical properties. The Group VIA elements, oxygen and sulfur, typically form two elements, oxygen and sulfur, typically form two covalent bonds to attain a filled valence shell. covalent bonds to attain a filled valence shell. The families that include oxygen and sulfur with The families that include oxygen and sulfur with two single bonds include two single bonds include alcoholsalcohols C-O-H, C-O-H, ethersethers C- C-O-C, O-C, thiolsthiols C-S-H, C-S-H, sulfidessulfides C-S-C and C-S-C and disulfidesdisulfides C- C-S-S-C. We will also look at two more important S-S-C. We will also look at two more important carbonyl containing functional groups, carbonyl containing functional groups, aldehydesaldehydes and and ketonesketones..22IntroductionIntroductionThe organic groups covered in this Unit all have important biological rolesThe organic groups covered in this Unit all have important biological roles•Alcohols Alcohols •TriglyceridesTriglycerides•Amino acids and proteinsAmino acids and proteins•EthersEthers•Biologically active moleculesBiologically active molecules•ThiolsThiols•Amino acids and proteinsAmino acids and proteins•OdorantsOdorants•SulfidesSulfides•Amino acids and proteinsAmino acids and proteins•KetonesKetones•Carbohydrates and metabolic intermediatesCarbohydrates and metabolic intermediates•AldehydesAldehydes•Carbohydrates and metabolic intermediatesCarbohydrates and metabolic intermediates33IntroductionIntroductionAlcohols were first encountered back in Unit 2Alcohols were first encountered back in Unit 2•AlcoholsAlcohols comprise a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an comprise a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkane-type carbon atom.alkane-type carbon atom.C O H44IntroductionIntroductionEthersEthers•Ethers have an oxygen attached to two alkane-type carbon Ethers have an oxygen attached to two alkane-type carbon atoms.atoms.C O C55IntroductionIntroductionSulfur containing functional groupsSulfur containing functional groups•Sulfur, like oxygen, is a Group VIA elementSulfur, like oxygen, is a Group VIA element•Sulfur forms functional groups which are analogous to Sulfur forms functional groups which are analogous to some of the groups formed by oxygen.some of the groups formed by oxygen.66IntroductionIntroductionThiolThiol•ThiolsThiols look similar to alcohols and comprise a look similar to alcohols and comprise a sulfhydrylsulfhydryl (also called (also called mercaptan)mercaptan) group (-SH) bonded to an alkane- group (-SH) bonded to an alkane-type carbon.type carbon.C S H77IntroductionIntroductionSulfidesSulfides•SulfidesSulfides look similar to ethers and contain a sulfur atom look similar to ethers and contain a sulfur atom that is bonded to two alkane-type carbon atoms.that is bonded to two alkane-type carbon atoms.C S C88IntroductionIntroductionDisulfidesDisulfides•DisulfidesDisulfides look similar to a sulfide, but contain two sulfur look similar to a sulfide, but contain two sulfur atoms that are bonded to each other and to two alkane-atoms that are bonded to each other and to two alkane-type carbon atoms.type carbon atoms.C S CS99IntroductionIntroductionKetonesKetones•KetonesKetones are a carbonyl containing functional group in are a carbonyl containing functional group in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms.atoms.C COC1010IntroductionIntroductionKetones in the news; DiacetylKetones in the news; Diacetyl•http://www.http://www.usatodayusatoday.com/news/health/2007-10-27-diacetyl_N..com/news/health/2007-10-27-diacetyl_N.htmhtm1111IntroductionIntroductionAldehydesAldehydes•AldehydesAldehydes are a carbonyl containing functional group in are a carbonyl containing functional group in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.hydrogen atom.C COH1212QuestionQuestionCircle and label the functional groups found in the following Circle and label the functional groups found in the following compounds.compounds.alcoholalcoholalcoholalcoholalcoholalcoholalcoholalcoholalkenealkenealkenealkenealkenealkenealkenealkeneetheretheretheretheretheretheretheretheretheretheretheretherketoneketoneketoneketoneamineamineamineamine1313Circle and label the functional groups found in the following Circle and label the functional groups found in the following compounds.compounds.QuestionQuestionthiolthiolthiolthiolthiolthiolthiolthiolammoniumammoniumionionammoniumammoniumionioncarboxylatecarboxylateionioncarboxylatecarboxylateioniondisulfidedisulfidedisulfidedisulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidesulfidealkenealkenealkenealkene1414Circle and label the functional groups found in the following Circle and label the functional groups found in the following