1RepresentRepresentationsationsClassroom Instruction that Classroom Instruction that WorksWorksResearch Based Strategies for Research Based Strategies for Increasing Student AchievementIncreasing Student AchievementChapter 6Chapter 6Research and TheoryResearch and TheoryDualDual--coding theorycoding theoryTwo generalizationsTwo generalizationsVariety of activitiesVariety of activitiesElaborate on knowledgeElaborate on knowledgeResearch ResultsResearch ResultsResearch and TheoryResearch and TheoryDualDual--coding theorycoding theoryTwo generalizationsTwo generalizationsVariety of activitiesVariety of activitiesElaborate on knowledgeElaborate on knowledgeA variety of activities A variety of activities produce nonlinguistic produce nonlinguistic representations.representations.Creating graphic representationsCreating graphic representationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures or pictographsDrawing pictures or pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activityWill talk more about later when discussing Will talk more about later when discussing using other nonlinguistic representationusing other nonlinguistic representationNonlinguistic Nonlinguistic representations should representations should elaborate on knowledge.elaborate on knowledge.Elaborate thinking Elaborate thinking Explain and justify elaborationsExplain and justify elaborations2Classroom PracticeClassroom PracticeCreating Graphic OrganizersCreating Graphic OrganizersUsing Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsUsing Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsDescriptive Pattern Descriptive Pattern OrganizerOrganizerGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsTime Sequence Pattern Time Sequence Pattern OrganizerOrganizer3Graphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect Effect Pattern OrganizerPattern OrganizerGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsEpisode Pattern Episode Pattern OrganizerOrganizerGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsGeneralization/Principle Generalization/Principle Pattern OrganizerPattern Organizer4Graphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersDescriptive PatternsDescriptive PatternsTimeTime--Sequence PatternsSequence PatternsProcess/CauseProcess/Cause--Effect PatternsEffect PatternsEpisode PatternsEpisode PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsGeneralization/Principle PatternsConcept PatternsConcept PatternsConcept Pattern Concept Pattern OrganizerOrganizerClassroom PracticeClassroom PracticeCreating Graphic OrganizersCreating Graphic OrganizersUsing Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsUsing Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsUsing Other Nonlinguistic Using Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsRepresentationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures and pictographsDrawing pictures and pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activityUsing Other Nonlinguistic Using Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsRepresentationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures and pictographsDrawing pictures and pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activityUsing Other Nonlinguistic Using Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsRepresentationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures and pictographsDrawing pictures and pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activity5Using Other Nonlinguistic Using Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsRepresentationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures and pictographsDrawing pictures and pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activityUsing Other Nonlinguistic Using Other Nonlinguistic RepresentationsRepresentationsMaking physical modelsMaking physical modelsGenerating mental picturesGenerating mental picturesDrawing pictures and pictographsDrawing pictures and pictographsEngaging in kinesthetic activityEngaging in kinesthetic activitySo… In ConclusionSo… In ConclusionMost underused instructional strategy Most underused instructional strategy --helps students understand content in a helps students understand content in a whole new waywhole new wayVariety of approachesVariety of approaches--graphic organizers graphic organizers to physical modelsto physical